This paper describes the power system study required by Malaysian Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA) prior to the Distributed Generation (DG) interconnection. A number of DG interconnection guideline and document are described. A case study is used to demonstrate the procedure of steady state analysis. Load flow analysis under steady state conditions and short circuit analysis are discussed. Lastly, the simulation results are presented.

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Voltage dependency static load models are commonly applied to simulation studies on low voltage network. However, there is generally a lack of established key parameters for voltage dependency static load models to represent loads commonly used in residential premises. This paper presents a statistical approach to determine key parameters in voltage dependency static load models. Eleven (11) individual single-phase types of loads were investigated based on field measurements corresponding to on-load tapchanger operations at 33 kV upstream. Changes in active and reactive power of the individual loads due to changes in input voltages were recorded and analyzed statistically to determine the parameters used for the voltage dependency static load model. The results were validated through laboratory measurements of the individual loads and found to be consistent and in close agreement with results obtained from the statistical analysis. A simulation case study performed on a low voltage network with solar photovoltaic penetration indicates significant deviation in peak power demand, power losses, reverse power flow and energy consumption in the network between constant power load model and LTV model in particular when source voltage is set at above 1.0 per unit.  Index Terms-voltage dependency load modelling, exponential load model, power system study, low voltage distribution network.

Low voltage network (LVN) forms an extensive part of the distribution network as it is used to connect electricity supply from utility substations to diverse segments of loads in different geographic locations. With the increasingly high penetration of solar PV in LVN, utility companies are finding it necessary to establish the contribution of this solar PV to the overall technical losses in the distribution network. This paper presents a strategic approach using representative LVN to determine the impact of solar PV on technical losses on the LVN. Five types of representative LVN characterized by different customer load segments (domestic, commercial and industrial) and peak load demand were developed. The impact on technical losses of solar PV connected to these representatives LVN was assessed on a statistical basis for a supply zone. The results obtained are consistent and could be applied to establish investment strategies on the distribution network, tariff revision exercise and optimization of distribution network planning/design.

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