The Malay penghulu adat have traditional authority that can direct their people to maintain their own identity and existence. In fact, although the function of these Malay penghulu adat is only in the context of customs and culture, but in some cases these penghulu also influence the implementation of local democracy.  For example, in the election process of the head of the region, although the function of the penghulu adat leader as a leader can direct the tribe and his people, but this function is rarely used because it is contrary to the principle of propriety in Malay custom. Nevertheless, the presence of this penghulu adat remains important to strengthen the legitimacy of the power of the political elite.  This is reasonable because the legitimacy of the Malay customary is very important as a basis for building political support derived from indigenous communities. This article is derived from field research using descriptive qualitative methods. The informants of this research are adat penghulu, members of local elections commissions, bureaucrats, politicians and local academics. This article finds the dimensions of  the Malay penghulu adat authority only used to establish Malay identity by strengthening Malay customs and culture. Moreover, the people of Riau are more complex than the social and cultural aspects. Their involvement gives support to the regional head only in order to preserve Malay culture to be accommodated in local government policy and not in the form of political activity. Therefore it is not surprising that every Riau governor is given the title of Datuk Seri Setia Amanah customs so that those who are given this title take part in preserving Riau Malay culture.

This article describes the power network of Minangkabau's penghulu adat in West Sumatera. As known in West Sumatera, the penghulu has a strategic position in the Minangkabau community. Its position in traditional institutions is of utmost importance, especially in bridging the interests of the community in the political and governance processes in the nagari. This is deemed feasible as penghulu adat is capable of optimizing their power network and utilizing traditional institutions that they congregate in. In explaining the power network of penghulu, this study used a descriptive type of qualitative approach. Furthermore, this research found various types of formation in penghulu's power network which serves as the basis for their involvement in the political process of the village. Firstly, the establishment of penghulu power networking through personal capabilities recognized by the community in the village. Secondly, the establishment of penghulu power networking through traditional authority. Thirdly, the establishment of penghulu power networking which originates from the additional legitimacy of local governments, particularly for penghulu considered to represent the local government's interests in the village. Fourthly, the establishment of penghulu power networking based on the recognition of their peers by bestowing the title of sangsako in the tribe. Keywords:power; network; politics and penghulu adat. Abstrak Artikel ini menjelaskan jaringan penghulu adat dalam masyarakat Minangkabau di Sumatera

This study discusses the problems of West Sumatra’s local governments in the practice and implementation of Adat Basandi Syarak Syarak Basandi Kitabullah (ABS-SBK) tradition philosophy in the West Sumatra regional medium-term development plan in 2016-2021. The purpose is to organize the program and activities developed in the regional budget. This study analyzes the ABS-SBK tradition philosophy practice in West Sumatra government administration. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method; moreover, the data collection in this study uses semi-structured interviews related to the practice of ABS-SBK tradition philosophy. This study interviewed 14 informants consisting of customary stakeholders, religious leaders, bureaucrats, academics, women (bundokanduang), and community leaders. In determining the informants, this study uses a purposive sampling method conducted in Agam Regency and Limapuluh Kota Regency in West Sumatra Province. This study found that four factors influence the implementation and practice of the ABS-SBK tradition philosophy in the government level: 1) the absence of apparent ABS-SBK tradition philosophy substance values, 2) the traditional transcendental and profane values of the traditional and sharia institution did not work very well in maintaining and preserving Minangkabau traditional values, 3) the absence of individual consensus and commitment toward ABS-SBK philosophy, and 4) the poor and minimum ABS-SBK tradition philosophy implementation at the government level. People interpret and translate this philosophy according to their understanding since no specific guidelines govern their interaction. This fact is understandable and reasonable since it is part of their life. The same goes for the government level, the absence of the guidelines causes a poor and minimum effort in their development program using ABS-SBK tradition philosophy as the basic. It also leads to a consensus between customary and religious institutions. The government finds it challenging to translate this philosophy into their programs and activities development so that they cannot directly refer their programs to this original philosophy from Minangkabau.

No abstract

Pengelolaan sumber daya alam tidak terlepas dari permasalahan perizinan aktivitas pertambangan ilegal, salah satu kasus yang terjadi pada awal tahun 2018 adalah adanya investigasi WALHI Sumatera Barat bersama forum organisasi masyarakat setempat dalam melakukan penyelidikan terhadap aktivitas tambang emas illegal di Bukik Bulek Kelurahan Lambung Bukit Kecamatan Pauh Kota Padang. Peneliti melihat adanya peran LSM sebagai aktor tidak langsung yang mempunyai peran penting dalam tata kelola pengelolaan sumber daya alam yang demokratis dan transparan, dan peran tersebut peneliti lihat dari langkah-langkah yang dilakukan oleh WALHI Sumatera Barat dalam melakukan investigasi kasus tambang emas illegal di kawasan Bukik Bulek Kota Padang. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan bagaimana peran WALHI Sumatera Barat sebagai aktor tidak langsung dalam penyelidikan tambang emas illegal di kawasan Bukik Bulek Kota Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa WALHI sebagai aktor tidak langsung dalam arena politik lingkungan hanya memainkan 2 peran yaitu, Countervailing Power (Kekuatan Penyeimbang) dengan dengan menggunakan langkah lobby,pernyataan sikap dan aksi massa, dan Empowerment (Pemberdayaan) dengan menggunakan langkah pengorganisasian masyarakat, dialog antar tokoh dan public campaign adapun peran lain yang dilakukan oleh WALHI Sumbar adalah membangun kerja sama dengan forum organinsasi masyarakat setempat dalam proses memframing isu investigasi temuan tambang emas ilegal yang dilakukan.