The article presents hollow foundations that play a multifunctional role: drainage to accelerate the process of consolidation of weak water-saturated cohesive foundation soils, drainage in case of obvious underflooding, anti-barrage in case of latent underflooding, as well as compensating for possible swelling or frost heaving of the clay soils. The adopted design solution makes it possible to transfer the load from the foundation to the soil foundation that includes loose cavity filling material through a more developed support area than a foundation with a flat footing. Unlike the solid foundation, the hollow foundation has a higher bearing capacity by 120 N more, and in the intervals of high loads (> 400 N) the settlement of the hollow foundation develops with an occasional lag from the settlement of the solid foundation. The use of hollow concrete foundations makes it possible to expand the area of application of prefabricated foundations, simplify their manufacture, increase their bearing capacity and ensure their strength and durability, while reducing the material intensity and cost of construction.

The article discusses the method of drainage device. The proposed method relates to the field of construction, namely to the device of drainage systems for the protection of buried parts of buildings and structures subject to constant or periodic flooding of natural and man-made nature in conditions of poorly permeable weak soils of the base and shallow occurrence of water-resistant layers. Proper drainage of the territory of a potentially flooded underground structure during operation is achieved by ensuring the trouble-free functioning of its drainage system by harmonizing the functions of all its elements.

The processes of hydration and hardening of multicomponent modified additives are investigated. It is shown that the high strength of cement stone in a modified binder is due to the formation of stable low-base hydrosilicates. It was found that the introduction of silica micro-silica of the mining and processing plant and a complex modifying additive consisting of enrichment waste into the cement increases the strength of concrete.

Improper monitoring of sewage networks may raise various issues such as overflows, pipe blockages, theft of manhole covers, leading to flooding and pollution, infrastructure damage, vehicles accidents, injury, and even death from falling into open manholes. The key objective of this research was to examine different elements and create a prototype architecture for a real-time sewer monitoring system. Implementation of the architecture involved constructing a data gathering station and experimenting with various wireless sensing devices to assess the precision of the sensors. In addition, the study sought to design a geographic information system that integrates algorithms capable of identifying sewer overflow, blocked pipes, and the presence of manhole covers. The performance of Sharp GP2Y0A41SK0F infrared, TF-Luna Benewake LiDar, TOF400 VL53L1X laser, JSN-SR04T ultrasonic distance sensors was tested in terms of their ability to monitor water level and manhole cover. Tests revealed the most favorable results in TOF400 VL53L1X at distances between 0.2 and 1.0 m (presumed distance to the manhole cover) with a standard deviation of 0.13–0.24, and in TF-Luna Benewake at distances between 1.0 and 5.0 m (presumed distance to the chamber bottom) with a standard deviation of 0.44–1.15. The deviation analysis has yielded equations that can be utilized to provide rough estimates of the accuracy levels of the aforementioned sensors, based on the measured distance. Additionally, the FC-28 analog and YL-63 infrared sensors were evaluated for detecting pipe blockages, with the YL-63 being more suitable. The outcomes of this study furnish valuable insights that can aid in achieving sustainable resolutions for issues related to sewer monitoring

The article is dedicated to a methodology for determining the actual dimensions of the zone of long-term compressed soils under existing foundations from their previous loading. Although construction norms provide conditional criteria for this, they do not always accurately reflect the real distribution of soil deformations at the depth of the foundation. The article presents a methodology for determining the actual dimensions of the compacted soil zone under the foundations. This methodology is based on both empirical and theoretical approaches, taking into account both the strength and deformation characteristics of the soil. The application of this methodology allows obtaining more accurate results and more reliably determining the dimensions of the compacted zone, which can be useful for conducting additional research for object reconstruction or determining the permissible distance between closely located foundations. During experimental and theoretical studies, regularities in the changes of soil compaction at the depth of the foundation and its deformations over time under constant loading were identified. The developed methodology enables a more precise determination of the actual dimensions of the compacted zone, which is of great significance for ensuring the safety and reliability of building structures.