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Background Shisha smoking is a common practice among the population in Arabic countries. Shisha smoking has a negative effect on lung function; it is probably one of the causes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective Detection of COPD among Shisha Smokers in the Fayoum Governorate. Design Prospective study. Setting Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt between 2016 and 2017. Patients and methods Of the 300 participants, 200 were shisha smokers for more than 20 years or their age above 40 years and 100 of them were nonsmoker volunteers. History of smoking was taken from the patients with recording of the COPD assessment score and then general and local examination was done followed by flow volume loop and finally by a chest radiography (posteroanterior view). Statistical analysis: case–control study Coding of the data was done and then entered with SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences) version number 24. After that data was summarized using mean, SD, median, minimum and maximum in the quantitative data with using frequency (count) and relative frequency (percentage) for categorization of data. Results Out of the 300 male patients included in this study 51% has obstructive airway disease and 19% had restrictive airway disease. The mean age was 56.20±10.98 years. Number of hagars smoked by the COPD patients were 10.82±9.88 hagars per day with a duration of smoking of 24.87±12.36 years. Conclusion Shisha smoking increases the risk of COPD and this risk increases with the increase in the duration of smoking and number of hagar smoked was the conclusion of the study.

Background Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs) constitute a heterogeneous group of lung diseases characterized by variable degrees of inflammation and fibrosis. In some DPLD, significant morbidity and unfavorable prognosis, comparable to those of neoplastic diseases, are seen. Efficient and safe methods for the diagnosis of DPLD are needed. Aim of the work To assess the characteristic features of DPLD in Fayoum Governorate based on clinical, radiological, and functional assessment. Patients and methods This study included 100 patients with undiagnosed DPLD who were selected from the Chest Department, Fayoum University Hospital, during the period from June 2015 to June 2016. All patients were subjected to written informed consent, full medical history, echocardiography, collagen profile, arterial blood gas analysis, spirometry, 6 min walk test, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest and lung biopsy when indicated. Results Out of the 100 patients included in the study, 72 (72%) were women, 28 (28%) were men, 15 (15%) were smokers, and 73 (73%) had a history of raising birds. The mean age was 45.4 years(range, 8–85 years). HRCT showed different patterns of parenchymal affection. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia was the predominant diagnosis (51%), followed by DPLD of known cause (33%), then granulomatous DPLD (12%), and lastly other rare forms of DPLD (4%). Conclusion The historical ‘gold standard’ of histological DPLD diagnosis is replaced by a ‘dynamic integrated approach’ using multidisciplinary discussion. The optimal HRCT technique for the evaluation of DPLD is crucial. HRCT of the chest was the diagnostic tool in 75% of the study patients without the need for biopsy.