Achieving a positive balance between energy use and environmental protection requirements has shown that soil bioregeneration could reduce the main disadvantages of tillage, that lead to increased costs and reduced profits. The aim was to assess the impact of soil bioregeneration on tillage consumption, yield, financial costs, and farmers income. For three consecutive years in the spring, after the resumption of winter wheat and rapeseed vegetation, the soil was bioregenerated under seven different scenarios. The best results were obtained using a scenario where soil was bioregenerated with a solution consisting of plant essential oils, 40 species of various herbs, marine algae extracts, mineral oils, Azotobacter vinelandii bacteria, humic acids, gibberellic acid, copper, zinc, manganese, iron, calcium, and sodium molybdate. Soil bioregeneration research has identified that fuel consumption could decrease to 23%, financial costs could decrease to 40%, and yield and farmers income from crop production could increase to 28% compared with the scenario where the soil was not bioregenerated. By applying the discovered soil bioregeneration method, the savings could reach up to EUR 3 per ha−1.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kokiu mastu ir kokiu būdu kooperatyvai atstovauja mažų ūkių interesams žemės ūkio produktų rinkoje. Empiriniu tyrimu siekiama nustatyti mažų ūkių įsitraukimo į formaliąją kooperaciją mastą ir kooperatyvų daromą poveikį jų parduodamų produktų kainoms Lietuvoje. Tyrimas grindžiamas konkurencinio kriterijaus, kaip kainų reguliatorius rinkoje, teorija, teigiančia, kad kooperatyvo egzistavimas oligopsoninėje rinkoje privers pelną maksimizuojančias įmones elgtis konkurencingiau. Kooperatyvui pasiūlius palankesnes kainas ūkininkams dėl savo įprastos praktikos teikti nariams paslaugas už savikainą, pelną maksimizuojančios perdirbimo bendrovės, siekdamos neprarasti žaliavos tiekėjų, stengiasi mokėti panašiai tiek, kiek moka kooperatyvai. Apklausos būdu nustatyta, kad Lietuvoje nedidelė mažų ūkių dalis savo pagamintą maistą ir žemės ūkio produktus parduoda per kooperatyvus ir kad tik daliai jų kooperatyvai užtikrina didesnę kainą. Atlikus ŽŪIKVC PAIS duomenų apie pirkėjų mokamą kainą už žalio pieno kilogramą analizę, gauta tokia pagrindinė išvada: Lietuvoje didžioji dalis kooperatyvų mažiems pieno gamintojams moka didesnę kainą nei penkių didžiausių pieno perdirbimo akcinių bendrovių nustatyta minimali kaina, o apie penktadalis kooperatyvų žiemos sezonu ir ne daugiau nei trečdalis kooperatyvų vasaros sezonu mokėjo didesnę kainą nei tų pačių akcinių bendrovių nustatyta maksimali kaina.
Since 1999, a long-term field experiment has been done at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University (former Aleksandras Stulginskis University) at 54º52′50 N latitude and 23º49′41 E longitude. The soil of the experiment site is Epieutric Endocalcaric Endogleyic Planosol (Endoclayic, Aric, Drainic, Humic, Episiltic) according to WRB (2014). The objective of our investigations was to assess the long-term impact of reduced intensity tillage systems, straw and green manure combinations on productivity and economical evaluation. In a coherent farming system, soil tillage should be reduced by minimizing mechanical tillage and maximizing the use of biological soil fertility maintenance measures combined with a soil quality improvement system. Long-term use of plant residues and green manure in combination with a complex application of reduced soil tillage and direct drilling has a positive impact on the sustainability of agroecosystems and help maintain crop rotation productivity. Performed analysis allows expecting the positive cash flows in catch cropping for green manure and rotovating (GMR) and no-tillage (NT) tillage systems more often comparing with other more intensive tillage systems. These systems ensure more stable yields and positive cash flows, because of lower operation cost of machinery notillage (NT).
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