Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in the city of Wuhan, China at the end of December 2019. In the case of SARS-CoV-2, antibody-mediated immunity and T cells are the most effective protection. This study aimed to analyze IFN-γ profile in people who were vaccinated and unvaccinated against COVID-19. This research was conducted at the Molecular Laboratory of the Professor Nidom Foundation (LM-PNF), Surabaya, Indonesia from February 2021 to March 2022 using 100 blood samples with details of 50 samples from people who had been vaccinated against COVID-19 and 50 samples from people who had unvaccinated against COVID-19. We divided into four: vaccination only, vaccination and had infected of COVID-19 or survivors, unvaccination only, and unvaccination but survivors. Furthermore, we used the ELISpot method to see the IFN-γ profile. The data analysed by using ANOVA. The results of this study showed that IFN-γ profile vary widely with the highest IFN-γ obtained in samples of people who are vaccinated and had infected of COVID-19 compared to other groups. In summary, we conclude that the cellular immune response (IFN-γ) profile in people who vaccinated and had infected of COVID-19 was better than unvaccinated.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have afflicted millions of people in a worldwide pandemic. Several vaccines have been developed to prevent infection and illness. The success of preventing and controlling the COVID-19 by using an effective and efficient vaccine. This study aimed to find out the profile of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) after COVID-19 vaccination. This study conducted at Animal Laboratory Professor Nidom Foundation (ABSL-3) from December 2021 to February 2022. The present study is an experimental study with a post test only control group design using 90 mice (Mus musculus L.). The test group consisted of mice injected subcutan with 0.1 mL PBS (P1), 0.1 mL adjuvant 1 (P2), 0.1 mL adjuvant 2 (P3), 0.1 mL VLPs SARS-CoV-2 10 μg (P4), 0.1 mL VLPs SARS-CoV-2 dose 50 μg (P5), 0.1 mL VLPs SARS-CoV-2 10 μg + adjuvant 1 (P6), 0.1 mL VLPs SARS-CoV-2 10 μg + adjuvant 2 (P7), 0.1 mL VLPs SARS-CoV-2 50 μg + adjuvant 1 (P8), and 0.1 mL VLPs SARS-CoV-2 50 μg + adjuvant 2 (P9). The data analysed by using ANOVA.