The knowledge of using medicinal and aromatic plants represents the culture of rural areas and can foster a better interaction between local farms and the tourism sector. (photograph: Trentino Ecomuseums archive). ABSTRACT: Today mountain areas are facing major economic challenges, due to depopulation, a lack of competitiveness and the impact of climate change. To combat this trend, it has been surmised that an integrated development approach based on innovation, cooperation between the public and private sectors and enhancement of the local cultural heritage could create new opportunities. The authors will report on SY_CULTour pilot project initiatives promoted by the Autonomous Province of Trento in cooperation with the Trentino Ecomuseums Network to promote the exploitation of medicinal and aromatic plants, using an integrated approach. A description of the starting up of the pilot project and interviews with those cultivating medicinal plants will be used to highlight innovative processes underway in the ecomuseum areas, in an attempt to show how the cultural heritage, landscape and environment could be integrated to encourage the economic development of mountain communities, as a strategic factor in sustainable development. TRENTINO ECOMUSEUMS ARCHIVE

Is the increasing interest in landscape at a European level translated to a local level? How is it perceived and mobilized by local actors? Are there lessons to be learned from empirical case studies? To increase our understanding of these issues, an analysis was carried out by using the theoretical framework of the sociology of translation on 8 landscapebased initiatives in an Italian Alpine valley. The initiatives aimed, either explicitly or implicitly, at enhancing the mountainous landscapes in a move toward more sustainable development. The sociology of translation conceives the implementation of an innovation as an attempt to build a working network between human and nonhuman entities such as landscape. Our analysis shows how dynamically different actors can interact with landscape in a rural mountain context.In quite similar places (ie sharing the same problems, rural history, and goals), the same resources were used in different ways by the different initiatives. The outcomes depend on the ability of the promoters of the initiatives to build networks with different actors, in some cases far beyond the valley or province's borders, around new concepts of landscape. Moreover, an adequate organizational framework that fosters bottom-up approaches can support successful implementation of local landscape projects. Active, two-way communication is also crucial to move from a ''local'' to a ''participative'' project and thus mobilize allies for sustainable landscape planning and management. Overall, the research provides insights into how such landscape initiatives can be better implemented and effectively contribute toward the European Landscape Convention.