Abbreviations & Acronyms BMI = body mass index ICIQ-SF = International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form IPSS = international prostate symptom score LUTS = lower urinary tract symptoms MUCP = maximum closed urethral pressure OAB = overactive bladder OABSS = overactive bladder symptoms score QOL = quality of life RARP = robot-assisted radical prostatectomy RP = radical prostatectomy SUI = stress urinary incontinence

No abstract

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes following combined treatment with pembrolizumab and axitinib as first‐line therapy for patients with advanced RCC.MethodsThis study retrospectively included 47 consecutive Japanese patients who were diagnosed with advanced RCC and subsequently received pembrolizumab and axitinib between February 2020 and January 2022. Efficacy and safety of this combined therapy in these patients were comprehensively investigated.ResultsThe 47 included patients were classified into the following 3 groups by the IMDC system: favorable, 7 (14.9%); intermediate, 24 (51.1%) and poor, 16 (34.0%). Responses to this combined therapy in the 47 patients were as follows: CR, 8 (17.0%); PR, 20 (42.6%); SD, 16 (34.0%) and PD, 3 (6.4%); thus, the ORR was 59.6%. During the observation period, disease progression and death occurred in 19 (40.4%) and 9 (19.1%) patients, respectively, and the median PFS and OS were 18 months and not reached, respectively. Univariate analyses identified the following significant predictors for poor prognostic outcomes: lack of nephrectomy, liver metastasis, bone metastasis, elevated CRP and IMDC poor risk for PFS; and lack of nephrectomy, non‐CCC and elevated CRP for OS. AEs and those corresponding to grade ≥ 3 occurred in all (100%) and 30 (63.8%) patients, respectively.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on real‐world outcomes following pembrolizumab and axitinib for treatment‐naïve advanced Japanese RCC patients, which showed the efficacy and safety of this combined therapy being similar or even superior to those in clinical trial.

ObjectivesThe present study comprehensively investigated the significance of several factors reflecting the therapeutic effects of anticancer treatment on overall survival (OS) in advanced urothelial cancer (UC) patients receiving sequential systemic therapy.MethodsThis study included 101 consecutive advanced UC patients who received first‐line platinum‐based combination chemotherapy followed by second‐line pembrolizumab. The impacts of the following factors on OS in these patients were analyzed: responses to chemotherapy, responses to pembrolizumab, progression‐free survival (PFS) with chemotherapy, PFS with pembrolizumab, and second PFS (PFS2).ResultsThe median age of patients was 71 years, and 35 and 66 had UC in the upper urinary tract and bladder, respectively. objective response rate to first‐line chemotherapy and second‐line pembrolizumab were 37.6% and 19.8%, respectively. Median PFS with chemotherapy, pembrolizumab, and PFS2 were 5, 4, and 9 months, respectively. Uni‐ and multivariate analyses of the five factors examined identified PFS with pembrolizumab and PFS2 as independent surrogates for OS, with PFS2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.23) being more closely associated with OS than PFS with pembrolizumab (HR = 0.31). Furthermore, uni‐ and multivariate analyses of various prognostic parameters showed the independent impacts of baseline performance status (PS) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on PFS2.ConclusionsThe present results suggest the potential of PFS2 as an optimal surrogate for OS in advanced UC patients receiving standard sequential systemic therapy and indicate that intensive treatment needs to be considered for those with poor PS and/or high NLR prior to the introduction of first‐line chemotherapy.

Background/Aim: Sexual function in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) could be affected by surgical intervention, such as holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). The objective of the present study was to investigate whether changes in erectile function (EF) after HoLEP affect postoperative outcomes in patients with BPH.