Objective:To investigate the aphrodisiac potential of polyherbal formulations prepared from different parts of Tribulus terrestris, Curculigo orchioides, Allium tuberosum, Cucurbita pepo, Elephant creeper, Mucuna pruriens, and Terminalia catappa in Albino rats in specified ratio as suspension.Materials and Methods:The different concentrations of prepared polyherbal formulations i.e. 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg and sildenafil citrate as standard (5 mg/kg) and vehicle (control) were administered orally to rats (n = 6 animals per group) for 3 weeks. Mating behavior parameters in male rats was monitored in first week and third week week of treatment pairing with receptive females. After termination of drug treatment, the mating performance, hormonal analysis, sperm count, and testes-body weight ratio were also evaluated.Results:The polyherbal formulation showed a significant increase in mating behavior as well as mating performance, serum hormonal levels, sperm count, and testes-body weight ratio with dose-dependent relationship as compared to vehicle control. But the dose of 600 mg/kg of polyherbal formulation assumes closer resemblance of above parameters with the standard used.Conclusion:The results of the study strongly suggest that the polyherbal formulations have a good aphrodisiac activity on rats in the above experimental models, which may be an alternative weapon for various sexual dysfunctions in future.
Introduction: Technology is a proven teaching aid, and online teaching has facilitated teaching across borders; however although technology has been proved to be an effective teaching aid, it cannot replace a teacher. There are many reports that discuss the constraints of only using online classes, as a result the use of both online and face to face classes has been advocated. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, has forced teachers and lecturers to rely solely on online classes. Methods: The authors conducted a survey among the teachers and students of selected schools in India and in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to assess their experiences of the effectiveness of online teaching over traditional classroom teaching; the possible ways to improve the teaching and learning experiences; and to find innovative ways and means that can make online teaching more effective. The responses were then represented as percentages, and statistical analysis was conducted to find the degree of agreement. Conclusion: Some degree of agreement regarding focus in lectures, interactions and summative online assessments was found between students and faculties. Internet speed and technical issues were revealed to be the main constraints of this format, whereas flexibility, availability of content for revision, and fewer distractions were the positive features. The majority of the students and faculty felt that online teaching could not replace traditional face-to-face teaching. The use of animated and video content would help students’ understanding and retention of topics. Frequent summative and formative assessments are vital to draw attention, help with retention and address the issues relating to learning and teaching.
The kinetics of oxidation of antidiabetic drug metformin by vanadium(V) have been studied spectrophotometrically under pseudo-first order conditions in aqueous acidic and micellar medium. The observed rate of oxidation is first order with respect to both metformin and H +. The pseudo-first order rate constant is independent of ionic strength and varies inversely with dielectric constant of the medium. The effect of micelles (SDS and TX 100) on such reactions has been investigated. Sodiumdodecyl sulphate (SDS) and iso-octylphenoxy polyethoxyether (TX100) accelerate the rate of electron transfer reaction except for cationic CTAB due to the cloudiness of the reaction mixture. It is a one electron transfer process where vanadium(V)is reduced to vanadium(IV) supported by cyclic voltammetric study. The main oxidation product was identified as metformin N-oxide by FTIR and LCMS method. Activation parameters of such reaction have been calculated and reaction mechanism is suggested. Computational study based on Hartree-Fock method supports the reaction mechanism.
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