Vehicular ad hoc networks have played a key role in intelligent transportation systems that considerably improve road safety and management. This new technology allows vehicles to communicate and share road information. However, malicious users may inject false emergency alerts into vehicular ad hoc networks, preventing nodes from accessing accurate road information. In order to assure the reliability and trustworthiness of information through the networks, assessing the credibility of nodes has become a critical task in vehicular ad hoc networks. A new scheme for malicious node detection is proposed in this work. Multiple factors are fed into a fuzzy logic model for evaluating the trust for each node. Vehicles are divided into clusters in our approach, and a road side unit manages each cluster. The road side unit assesses the credibility of nodes before accessing vehicular ad hoc networks. The road side unit evicts a malicious node based on trust value. Simulations are used to validate our technique. We demonstrate that our scheme can detect and evict all malicious nodes in the vehicular ad hoc network over time, lowering the ratio of malicious nodes. Furthermore, it has a positive impact on selfish node participation. The scheme increases the success rate of delivered data to the same level as the ideal cases when no selfish node is present.

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The evolution of the current centric cloud to distributed clouds such as fog presents a suitable path to counteract the intolerable processing delays for time-critical applications. It is anticipated that more fog nodes (FN) will be connected to the IoT paradigm to improve the quality of service and meet the requirements of emerging IoT applications. Typically, the owner manages these FN nodes opening up promising doors towards new business opportunities. Thus, this paper considers fog computing driven network that consists of a set of FNs, distributed on the network edge to serve cloud clients.  Cloud service provider (CSP), in turn, can offer new services, define a profile for each service, and set generate revenue.  However, new schemes should be developed to make this dynamic business model economically feasible. In this context, we propose a new intelligent scheme for service trading, in which a new genetic algorithm is developed for selecting a set of optimal clients that maximize CSP’s profit using game theory for setting the service price. Game theory captures the conflict between cloud clients and CSP, where clients and CSP try to maximize their respective utilities. While CSP attempts to maximize profit, each client tries to negotiate for a lower service price.  Simulation results stress that the CSP can maximize profit by utilizing computational resources efficiently and selecting service requests with the highest possible bid.

A successful cloud trading system requires suitable financial incentives for all parties involved. Cloud providers in the cloud market provide computing services to clients in order to perform their tasks and earn extra money. Unfortunately, the applications in the cloud are prone to failure for several reasons. Cloud service providers are responsible for managing the availability of scheduled computing tasks in order to provide high-level quality of service for their customers. However, the cloud market is extremely heterogeneous and distributed, making resource management a challenging problem. Protecting tasks against failure is a challenging and non-trivial mission due to the dynamic, heterogeneous, and largely distributed structure of the cloud environment. The existing works in the literature focus on task failure prediction and neglect the remedial (post) actions. To address these challenges, this paper suggests a fault-tolerant resource management scheme for the cloud computing market in which the optimal amount of computing resources is extracted at each system epoch to replace failed machines. When a cloud service provider detects a malfunctioning machine, they transfer the associated work to new machinery.

Brand Positioning refers to designing a brand offer while aiming that it succeeds to occupy a distinctive place in the minds of the target customers. It has become the key to survival these days. All the purchase decisions are directly or indirectly linked with brand positioning. A firm that succeeds to distinguish itself by the fair use of brand positioning also succeeds to attract and retain customers. All the firms tried to design strategies for better positioning, but an evident change in consumer attitude in the past decade indicates consumers' developing preference towards companies who, in addition, care for the society and environment as well. The businesses houses started realizing that they would have to take care of society and to minimize the social costs. This has resulted into the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). It states that firms must integrate social and environmental concerns in their business activities voluntarily. This study has been conducted to investigate the impact of CSR on brand positioning and brand loyalty. Popular FMCGs like Unilever, P&G, Nestle, Coca Cola, Pepsico have been selected in the study. The sample size is 255 respondents selected after the application of judgemental sampling. The findings highlighted strong support for the hypothesized relationships. The study found significant impact of CSR in brand positioning and brand loyalty.