Background: Two lipid synthesis inhibitors compounds (spiromesifen SPM and spirotetramat SPT) were used against the second instar larvae of cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis under laboratory condition. Toxicity of both compounds was tested. Effect of these insecticides on total lipid also was determined. Results: The obtained results showed that both compounds were moderately toxic against the second instar larvae of S. littoralis. The mortality percentages caused by the field rate of spiromesifen and spirotetramat were 51.7 and 60.0%, respectively. The lethal concentrations for 50% of tested insect population (LC 50) were 170.1 and 42.2 ppm, respectively. The total lipid content was determined in treated larvae and compared with the untreated. The percentage of total lipid in spiromesifen-and spirotetramat-treated larvae was 2.17 and 2.21%, respectively, compared with 2.42% in untreated larvae. GC/MS also was used in identification of fatty acids composition of S. littoralis larvae. Conclusion: The results cleared that 13 fatty acids were identified in S. littoralis larvae. The obtained results showed significant difference in percentages of fatty acids with both treated and untreated larvae and also, between tested compounds. Some fatty acids were existed in untreated larvae but not existed in treated larvae.

Background: Members of Braconidae, i.e., Meteorus spp. assault certain lepidopterous larvae in Egyptian fields. The recorded species M.rubens (gregarious) and M.gyrator (solitary) were the most species reared from some lepidopterous larvae attacking various host plants in two chosen Governorates in Egypt through two experimental years. This work aims to increase the parasitizing efficiency of M.gyrator in fields by releasing an impressive number of parasitoid adults. Methods: Samples of lepidopteran larvae were picked up from the prevailing plants in fields of El-Ghaebia and El-Sharkia Governorates, for two successive years (2020 to 2021). The prevailing plants are: clover, cabbage, okra, tomato, maize, jew's mallow, bean, soybean, cotton, pea, and lettuce. Collected larvae were reared under optimal conditions until their pupation or in anticipation of the migration of the full-grown endoparasitoid's larvae for pupation. Parasitoid’s production: Species of some lepidopterous larvae were reared in the NRC laboratory for large-scale manufacturing of the parasitoid Meteorus gyrator. Results: Acquired results uncover that Agrotis ipsilon was the primary noctuid host larvae of M. rubens during its abundant periods (February-May). While in case of M.gyrator it was recorded in fewer numbers (at its abundant periods, May-August); which was raised from other lepidopteran larvae. The M. rubens parasitism percentage reached 26.50 and 21.79% at El-Gharbia Governorate through the two experimental years, respectively; whereas in the case of M. gyrator it was 2.25% in the 2nd experimental year only. In El-Sharkia, M. rubens parasitism percentage was 18.60 and 28.60%, respectively throughout the two experimental years; while it was 10.00% for M. gyrator in the first year only. Conclusion: To boost the productivity of this solitary internal parasitoid as a bio-control agent, it is mandatory to increase its adults population in any field.

Introduction. Postmenopausal elderly women have an increased risk for nutritional anemia.Exercise training has a positive effect on hemoglobin mass by increasing stimulation of erythropoiesis, which assists the blood to carry bigger amount of oxygen. Aim. This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of moderate intensity aerobic exercises on hematological value and quality of life in postmenopausal anemic women. Methods. Thirty anemic postmenopausal women were assigned randomly into two equal groups; A) performed moderate intensity aerobic exercise in the form of walking on treadmill for 30 minutes, 3 sessions per week and B) without aerobic exercise. Both groups received the same supplement including one capsule that contain Iron supplement (10 mg) and multi vitamins as well as essential trace elements, daily. The hematological values [hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood corpuscles (RBCs) count] and assessment of the quality of life [Six-Minute Walk Test (SMWT) and Flow State Scale (FSS)] at pre and post 3 months as well as 6 months of treatment were measured and evaluated. Results. There was statistically significant improvement (p<0.001) in the Hb and RBCs values and SMWT and FSS between before and after 3 as well as 6 months of treatment in both groups. Also, comparison between both groups at 3 and 6 months showed significant differences in favors of group A. Conclusion. Aerobic exercise can increase hematological values and has a positive improvement for the quality of life in anemic post-menopausal women.