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The increase in bankruptcy cases and delaying debt repayment by 16.43 percent during the year of 2015 to 2017 reinforced the importance of having good corporate governance to avoid this issue. This study aims to delve into the effect of ownership structures on the risk of financial distress in 421 companies (except financial institutions) in the period from 2012 to 2017. The types of ownership that are being examined are Institutional Ownership, Insider Ownership, Government Ownership, and Foreign Ownership. This study uses OLS Driscoll-Kraay standard error panel data regression. The results of this study shows that Institutional Ownership has a positive relationship to financial distress which is caused by the tendency of Institutional investors to conduct passive monitoring. Inversely, foreign ownership and government ownership have been proven to have a negative relationship with the risk of financial distress. This was caused by the capability of the foreign investors to do better-monitoring activities and maintain the ultimate shareholder's company in their home country. Furthermore, the presence of merah putih shares allows the government to have absolute voting power. This research intends to provide new business perspectives to companies, investors, regulators, creditors, and other stakeholders for economic decision-making purposes.

According to the Asian Development Bank report, responsibility of the board is one of the principles that has not been implemented properly in Indonesia. There are several things that can represent the responsibilities of the board such as independency, competence, and participation. The aim to this study is to analyze the effect of the independency proxied by the proportion of independent commissioners, the competence proxied by the board's working experience in the major industry of the company, and the participation proxied by the average percentage attendance of the board in the meeting to corporate financial performance represented with ROA. The sample used in this study is in the period of 2011 -2015 with a total of 1229 firm-years. The hypothesis testing in this research uses panel data regression analysis. The result shows that independency of the board has no effect to corporate financial performance, while the competence of the board has a positive effect to corporate financial performance and participation of the board shows a negative effect to corporate financial performance. SARI PATIMenurut laporan dari Asian Development Bank, salah satu prinsip tata kelola perusahaan yang belum diimplementasikan dengan baik di Indonesia adalah tanggung jawab dewan komisaris. Terdapat beberapa hal yang dapat menggambarkan tanggung jawab dewan komisaris antara lain independensi, kompetensi, dan partisipasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh independensi yang diproksikan dengan proporsi komisaris independen, kompetensi yang diproksikan dengan proporsi dewan komisaris yang berasal dari industri utama perusahaan beroperasi, dan partisipasi yang diproksikan dengan rata-rata persentase kehadiran dewan komisaris dalam rapat terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan yang diproksikan dengan ROA. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 1229 perusahaan-tahun yang meliputi periode 2011-2015. Pengujian dilakukan dengan regresi data panel. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa independensi dewan komisaris tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan, sedangkan kompetensi dewan komisaris berpengaruh positif dan partisipasi dewan komisaris berpengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan.

The involvement of the family in the company can lead to conflict between the majority (family) and minority shareholders. This study aims to determine whether family control in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) has a significant positive effect on earnings management. Earnings management in this research is measured using the Modified Jones Model. With a sample of 436 non-financial companies listed on the Stock Exchange in the period 2012-2016 and using the generalized least squares (GLS) regression method, the study found that family control had a significant positive effect on earnings management. This indicates that family control in companies listed on the Stock Exchange tends to do earnings management.Keywords: Family Control, Earnings Management, Modified Jones Model

This study aims to analyze tax planning (tax planning is estimated using effective tax rate) motivations that push management (agent) to manage earnings and the ability of temporary difference accounts (measured by deferred tax assets, liabilities and expenses) to detect earnings management. Earnings management is estimated using the modified jones model. This study uses three independent variables to measure temporary difference, analyzes the effect of the independent variables towards the direction of earnings management and analyzes more than one industry so the results Samples used in this study are 377 non-financial public firms that are listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 until 2019, with a total of 1,832 observations. The data panel is processed using multiple linear regression using fixed effect model. The results of the study found only deferred tax liabilities has significant impact to earnings management and is able to detect earnings management upwards. Tax planning only effects absolute earnings management without specific direction. Deferred tax assets do not have a significant impact to detect earnings management downwards and deferred tax expense has no significant impact to earnings management but can potentially detect earnings management upwards in extreme cases.Deferred Tax Asset