Background: Dental arch form and dimension are fundamental factors in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Its dimension will increase, due to the eruption of teeth, and is also affected by ethnicity, nutrition, systemic disease, hormonal factors, and gender. Many teeth are erupting in 8–10-year-old children. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the correlation between age and dental arch dimension of Javanese children in good nutritional status for consideration of orthodontic treatment. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 66 children aged 8–10 years in a normal dentoskeletal relationship, grouped based on age as the subject. Each group consisted of 22 pairs of dental study models, male and female. Anterior and posterior size of dental arch length were measured by digital sliding calipers from the midpoint between the right and left permanent central incisors perpendicular to the inter-canines and inter-molars. The width was measured at the inter-canines and inter-molars. Results: Pearson’s correlation test showed that there were significant correlations between age and maxillary dental arch lengths (p = 0.01, r = 0.31 for anterior, and p = 0.043, r = 0.249 for posterior). Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be concluded that there was a positive correlation between age and dental arch length of 8–10-year-old Javanese children in good nutritional status, especially in maxillary dental arch length.

Nicotine, a major component of tobacco, is a significant contributing factor for the exacerbation of periodontal diseases. Periodontitis, one of the periodontal diseases, leads to alveolar bone damage triggered by bacteria and exacerbated by nicotine exposure as mostly suffered by smokers. Periodontitis treatment requires an antibacterial for the regeneration process; antimicrobial peptide gel (AMP) has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial that is rarely resistant. This study aims to determine the effect of antimicrobial peptide gel on the regeneration process of periodontitis in rat models exposed to nicotine by observing the number of angiogenesis and fibroblast cells. Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into four groups based on nicotine exposure, the control group and treated rats. Periodontitis was induced by ligation on the mandibular central incisor for 14 days, and the periodontitis rats were treated with AMP on their sulcus of gingiva on day 1, 3, and 7. On day 3, 7, and 14 after treatment, two rats were taken randomly in each group for decapitation, followed by histological processing and examination with Hematoxylin-Eosin. The non-parametric statistic test of Kruskal-Wallis revealed that the value of p=0,000 for angiogenesis and p=0,001 for fibroblast showed significant difference (p <0,05 ) between the treated and control groups in both groups with and without exposure to nicotine. Conclusion: The high number of angiogenesis and fibroblast cells in treated rats indicated that the Antimicrobial Peptide Gel successfully accelerated periodontitis' regeneration process in rat models exposed to nicotine.