Background: Pregnancy poses some stress on normal homeostasis of the human body and brings changes in the body which predisposes the individual towards various pathological conditions as well. Objective: Objective of the study was to determine the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes and clinical symptoms associated with these changes among patients of eclampsia and preeclampsia managed at tertiary care unit. It was a cross-sectional study, conducted at Gynaecology and obstetrics department Pak Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH) Rawalpindi. January to June 2019. Methods: A total of 80 pregnant women who were diagnosed by consultant obstetrician for eclampsia or pre-eclampsia were included in the study. All the patients underwent Plain MRI brain including TIWI, T2WI, FLAIR, DWI, ADC, GRE and SWI sequences at radiology department of PEMH RWP. Positive MRI findings were defined as presence of cerebral oedema, infarction, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and cerebral haemorrhage. Headache, seizures, altered mental status and visual problems were correlated with MRI changes among the target population. Results: Out of 80 pregnant women with eclampsia or pre-eclampsia, 49 (61.2%) had no changes on MRI while 31 (38.8%) had significant changes on MRI. Cerebral oedema 12 (15%) was the most common MRI finding followed by cerebral haemorrhage 8 (10%). Mean age of participants was 36.33±2.238 years. With Pearson chi-square analysis, it was found that presence of seizures and altered mental state had statistically significant relationship with presence of MRI findings among the target population. Conclusion: MRI changes were a common finding among the patients of eclampsia or pre-eclampsia. Cerebral oedema was the commonest finding in our study. Patients with serious clinical symptoms like seizures and altered mental state had more chances of having MRI changes as compared to patients without the serious clinical symptoms.

Objective: To assess the frequency of patients positive for the presence of anti-ganglioside antibodies and factors related to it among the patients diagnosed with Guillian Barre Syndrome (GBS) at our hospital. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jun 2019. Methodology: Patients were included in the study once detailed assessment and investigations have been carried out by the consultant neurologist and he has declared the patient suffering from Guillian Barre Syndrome. Anti-ganglioside antibodies were performed on all the patients diagnosed with Guillian Barre Syndrome from the immunology department of the laboratory of our hospital. Factors like age, gender, preceding gastrointestinal infection; sensory involvement and need for mechanical ventilation were related with the presence of Guillian Barre Syndrome in our target population. Results: A total of 30 patients were enrolled in the study. Out of these 22 (73.3%) were positive for the presence of antiganglioside antibodies while 08 (26.4%) did not show the presence of detectable levels of these antibodies in their serum. On fisher exact test preexisting gastrointestinal infection and sensory involvement were statistically significantly related to the presence of anti-ganglioside antibodies among the patients suffering from Guillian Barre Syndrome. Conclusion: Relationship of presence of anti-ganglioside antibodies was strong with the Guillian Barre Syndrome among the patients enrolled in our study. It was even stronger in among the patients who presented with the sensory involvement or those who had a gastrointestinal infection prior to the onset of symptoms of...........

Objective: To assess the clinical profile and outcome of patients admitted with the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) at neurology unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital of Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Neurology department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Dec 2018 to Jun 2019. Methodology: This study was conducted on 69 patients of tuberculous meningitis admitted. Demographic profile included age, gender, and the symptoms with which the patient presented. Neurological complications were also documented among the target population. Outcomes included recovery, shifting to intensive care unit and death. Results: A total of 69 patients admitted in neurology ward diagnosed and managed as tuberculous meningitis in the study duration time. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Mean age of patients diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis in our study was 34.23 ± 3.915 years. Most of the patients presented with the fever followed by headache. Out of 69 patients, 41 (59.4%) recovered, 22 (31.9%) were shifted to the intensive care unit and 6 (8.7%) died. Seizures were the commonest neurological complication faced by the patients followed by cranial nerve palsies. Conclusion: Fever and headache were common symptoms with which patients of tuberculous meningitis presented in our study population. Most of the patients recovered in the ward but a high percentage required intensive care unit admission as well. Seizures and cranial nerve palsies were commonly experienced complication by patients included in our study.

Objective: To determine the frequency of poor sleep quality among the patients of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and analyze its relationship with the socio-demographic factors.Study Design: Correlational study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan 2019 to Jun 2019. Methodology: One hundred and fifty patients of Parkinson’s disease were approached to participate in this study. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was the psychometric tool used to assess the study parameter for the patients. Age, gender, duration of illness, poly pharmacy and tobacco smoking were corelated with presence of poor quality of sleep among the patients of Parkinson’s disease. Results: Out of 150 patients of Parkinson’s disease screened through Pittsburgh sleep quality index, 85 (56.7%)showed the presence of poor sleep quality while 65 (43.3%) had good sleep quality. Mean age of the patients was 66.2 ± 4.648 years. After applying the logistic regression, we found that increasing age and longer duration of illness had significant association with the presence of poor sleep quality among the patients of Parkinson disease. Conclusion: Previously considered a pure motor disorder, Parkinsonism has a lot of other neuro-psychiatricmanifestations as well. Poor sleep quality turned out to be one of these non-motor problems associated with this chronic debilitating illness. Increasing age and longer duration of illness among these patients emerged asindependent risk factors for poor sleep quality in Parkinsonism.