El objetivo de nuestra investigación es identificar los componentes químicos y evaluar in vitro, la actividad antibacteriana de los extractos de las hojas de Cupressus sempervirens L. y Cupressus arizonica L. del norte de Argelia contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. La extracción se realizó macerando las hojas en disolventes de polaridad creciente (cloroformo, éter de petróleo y metanol acuoso). Se realizó un cribado de los compuestos fenólicos para una caracterización cualitativa de los distintos extractos. Los extractos obtenidos se pusieron en contacto con una cepa de P. aeruginosa para determinar su potencial antibacteriano. El cribado fitoquímico reveló la presencia de varios metabolitos secundarios: leucoantocianinas, flavonoles, flavononas, antraquinonas, taninos catequicos, taninos gálicos, esteroides, triterpenos, saponina, glucósidos cardíacos, terpenoides, saponósidos y quinonas libres. El metanol acuoso (de alta polaridad) permite la extracción de la mayoría de los metabolitos. El mejor rendimiento de extracción de los tres disolventes es el cloroformo, con un rendimiento de extracción de 61.23% (C. sempervirens) y 52.27% (C. arizonica), seguido del disolvente hidroalcohólico 33.55% y etéreo con 0.39%. La extracción hidroalcohólica induce una sensibilidad muy importante de P. aeruginosa con un diámetro de 16.2 mm para C. arizonica. Extractos etéreos y clorofórmicos inducen una inhibición débil. P. aeruginosa es extremadamente sensible al extracto hidroalcohólico de C. sempervirens, este último induce una zona de inhibición con un diámetro de 19.95 mm que es estadísticamente igual a la inducida por la Vancomicina. Estos resultados pueden considerarse como una solución prometedora para la sustitución de la vancomicina por el extracto hidroalcohólico de C. sempervirens.
The Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia), which is sometimes referred to as Aoudad, is widely spread in different parts of Africa as an endemic species, while in Europe and America it is an introduced species. This animal is protected by the decrees of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as well as by the laws of several countries, including Algeria. In order to conserve the Barbary sheep in its natural environment, it was decided to carry out this work which is in fact an update of the knowledge on the presence of the Barbary sheep in the region of Illizi (southeast of Algeria). To do this, surveys were carried out on 20 transects during the years 2015 and 2016 in the region of Illizi (southeastern Algeria) in order to identify populations of wild ungulates, in particular Ammotragus lervia. These transect surveys led to finding a number that exceeds 131 animals divided into 30 females, 43 males and 19 young individuals. In addition, 39 individuals who were observed from afar, and therefore it was not possible to clearly determine their sex. However, the nature of their habitats could be identified. It should also be recognized that the Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) is a species that is seriously threatened by the risk of poaching.
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