In terms of TPOAb and TgAb, Se may not benefit in the euthyroid period of HT, but Se supplementation seems to lead a favorable response in thyroid volume regression.

Objective:Considering the ever increasing population of diabetic adolescents and the association of the disease with psychosocial problems throughout its course, depression and/or anxiety and social support from parents are issues of special concern in these patients. The study aimed to identify the depression and anxiety state of diabetic adolescents and its impact on the management of diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods:295 adolescents with type 1 DM and their parents attended our study. Psychological distress was assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI I-II) for Children, Perceived Social Support from Family (PSS-Fa) scale, Beck Depression Inventory for adults, STAI I-II for adults and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Records of glycemic measurements, insulin dosage and hemoglobin A1c levels were used as glycemic control parameters. Results:Depression rate was 12.9%. State (p<0.001) and trait anxiety (p<0.001) levels were high; PSS-Fa (p<0.001) and MSPSS (p<0.006) scores were low in the depressive patients. Positive correlations were noted between depression, PSS-Fa, STAI-I and STAI-II.Conclusion:Therapeutic strategies of DM should include co-existing psychiatric conditions throughout the course of the disease. In diabetic adolescents, PSS-Fa, STAI-I and STAI-II appear to be effective tools in the evaluation of depression.

Serum vitamin B 12 and folate, and their functional markers, plasma homocysteine and urinary methylmalonate (uMMA) were measured in 204 healthy, term infants at birth, and at 2 and 6 months. Compared with infants receiving formula food, those fed mother's milk had lower vitamin B 12 and folate at 2 and 6 months. In infants receiving mother's milk, vitamin B 12 levels were similar at birth (238 pg/ml) and 2 months (243 pg/ml), whereas with formula milk the level was significantly higher at 2 months (558 pg/ml) than at birth (257 pg/ml). Vitamin B 12 was negatively correlated with homocysteine at birth and 6 months. The level of uMMA (mmol/mol creatinine) was higher at 2 (mother's milk, 25.5; formula, 23.97) and 6 months (19.77; 15) than at birth (11.97; 10.88), and was not correlated with vitamin B 12 levels. Homocysteine may be a reliable marker of vitamin B 12 status in neonates and infants; however, uMMA is not suitable as a marker of vitamin B 12 status.

In IVF babies, despite normal neonatal screening tests, subclinical hypothyroidism might be observed that suggests the need for screening in this respect.

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