Background Gait speed (GS) and handgrip strength (HGS), both factors associated with frailty and sarcopenia, are reportedly associated with CV events in the general population. However, little is known about the impact of these factors on the outcome of patients on dialysis. This study aimed to evaluate whether evaluation of GS and HGS could be associated the onset of fatal/non-fatal cardiovascular (CV) events in patients on haemodialysis (HD). Methods One-hundred-eighty-two patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing HD at four dialysis clinics in April 2015 provided written informed consent to participate in the study. We excluded patients who had physical disability, were unable to walk without help, or had recently experienced CV events. Usual GS over a 4-m walk and HGS were measured at baseline, and 173 patients (men, 124; women, 49) were divided into sex-specific quartiles according to GS and HGS and were followed-up for fatal/non-fatal CV events for a median of 2 years. We examined the association of GS and HGS with CV events and determined cut-off values using Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, HD duration, history of CVD, and diabetes. Results During the follow-up period, 46 CV events occurred. Both physical performance factors were significantly associated with CV events. Low GS (< 0.82 m/s for men and 0.81 m/s for women) and weak HGS (< 29.0 kg for men and 19.7 kg for women) were associated with CV events. For low vs. high GS, the hazard ratio (HR) for CV events was 2.29 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–4.33; P = 0.01], and for low vs. high HGS, the HR was 2.15 [95% CI: 1.00–5.04; P < 0.05]. These HRs remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors, such as sex, age, dialysis vintage, history of CV disease, and diabetes. Conclusions Slow GS and weak HGS in patients on HD were suggested to be independent predictors of fatal/non-fatal CV events. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-019-1370-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

: Many reports have shown that human papillomavirus (HPV) plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of cervical adenocarcinoma. In the present study, 106 cases of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma, comprising 95 cases of adenocarcinoma and 11 cases of adenosquamous carcinoma, were examined for HPV-DNA using in situ hybridization (ISH). Using ISH, we were able to show the expression of HPV-DNA on a glass slide. Forty-eight of 106 cases (45.3%) of adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma were positive for high-risk HPV-DNA according to ISH. Of 79 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma, 35 (44.3%) were positive for high-risk HPV-DNA, compared with eight of 16 cases (50%) of adenocarcinoma in situ. In the underlying non-neoplastic epithelium, positive foci were found in the squamous epithelium of 11 of 64 cases (17.2%), but no glandular or columnar epithelium was positive for HPV. HPV infection seems to play a role in the induction rather than the progression of cervical adenocarcinoma. High-risk HPV infection in the underlying squamous epithelium may be related to the carcinogenesis of adenocarcinoma, but there was no relationship found with the underlying glandular and columnar epithelium.

No abstract