The direct absorption spectrum of benzene in a free jet has been measured in the 130-260 nm region (SI , S2' and S3 states, Rydberg series, and the first ionization limit) using synchrotron radiation as a light source. The absolute molar extinction coefficients (E) of benzene in jets have been determined by scaling measured free-jet values to the known value in the vapor phase for a broadband at 200.1 nm in the S2 state. The vibrational temperature for VII> mode was estimated to be 185 K. The maximum value of E of the SI absorption system was found to be 1400 cmol-I em -I (spectral bandwidth = 0.065 nm). A shoulder observed at 205.45 nm in the S2 absorption system is assigned to the S2 origin, induced by pseudo-Jahn-Teller distortion.

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Occupied valence electronic structures in the neutral and the anionic forms of aqueous acetic acid and their pH dependence under ambient condition are identified for the first time exploiting the site-selectivity of resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) in combination with calculation based on density functional theory (DFT).

A study of the excitation energy dependence of resonant X-ray emission spectra across the O1s absorption edge in combination with X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory reveals the site-specific valence electronic structure of liquid acetic acid under ambient conditions.

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