No abstract

The most prominent character of a new type of antibacterial urological catheters is the zebra-stripe pattern of a silver film, which is plated electroless on their interior wall and capped by a very thin semipermeable layer of parylene. This design effectively controls the release rate of Ag(+) ions in artificial urine, which has been measured as function of time with optical emission spectroscopy. By evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration against certain strains of bacteria with solutions of AgNO3 of known concentration with the method of optical density and applying this analysis to the silver-eluting catheters, it was shown that this moderation prolongs the period of their application significantly. But to act as antibacterial agent in chlorine-containing solutions, as in urine, the presence of urea is required to avoid precipitation of AgCl and to meet or even exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration of Ag(+). The quality of the silver depot layer was further determined by the deposition rate and its morphology, which revealed that the film consisted of grains with a mean size of 150 nm.

Unusual skin reactions in patients with cardiac pacemakers are mostly referred to as "Pacemaker dermatitis". There are various potential causes: first, an infection needs to be excluded. Then, the possibility of both "pressure damage" caused by the pacemaker and the mostly symptom free "pacemaker erythema with telangiectasia" - synonym "post implantation erythema" - needs to be considered. When suspecting an incompatibility of the implant, further allergologic testing is required. Often, the removal of the pacemaker is inevitable.