Feedback between training and competition should be considered in athletic training. The aim of the study was contemporary coaching tendencies in women's and men's judo with particular focus on a biomechanical classification of throws and grappling actions. 359 throws and 77 grappling techniques scored by male and female athletes in Olympic Judo Tournaments (London 2012) have been analyzed. Independence of traits (gender and weight category by technique classes) was verified via c 2 test. Comparison between frequency of each subsequent technique class and rest/inconclusive counts was made in 2×2 contingency tables. The significance level was set at p£0.05. Throwing technique frequencies grouped in the seven biomechanical classes were dependent on gender. A significant difference was found between frequencies of variable arm of physical lever technique scored by males (27.09%) and females (16.67%) as compared to the rest/inconclusively techniques counts. Significant differences between men who competed in extra lightweight and heavy weight concerned the frequency of the techniques used with maximum arm or variable arm of physical lever and a couple of forces applied by trunk and legs. In females, a tendency to higher frequency of techniques that used couple of forces applied by arm or arms and leg was observed in extra lightweight compared to the heavy weight. Because the technique preferred in the fight depends on a gender and weight category of a judoka, the relation-ships found in this study, which can be justified by the biomechanics of throws, should be taken into consideration in technical and tactical coaching of the contestants. A method used in this study can be recommended for future research concerning coaching tendencies.

This systematic overview aimed to review studies investigating the benefits and risks of judo training in older people, and to explore practical methodological applications (Registration ID: CRD42021274825). Searches of EBSCOhost, ISI-WoS, and Scopus databases, with no time restriction up to December 2022, resulted in 23 records meeting the inclusion criteria. A quality assessment was performed through the following tools: ROBINS-I for 10 experimental studies, NIH for 7 observational studies, and AGREE-II for 6 methodological studies. A serious risk of bias emerged for 70% of the experimental studies, whereas 100% of the observational and 67% of the methodological studies presented a “fair” quality. When involving 1392 participants (63 ± 12 years; females: 47%), the studies investigated novice (n = 13), amateur/intermediate (n = 4), expert (n = 4), and unknown (n = 3) level judoka by means of device-based, self-reported, and visual evaluation measures. Mean training encompassed 2 ± 1 sessions. week−1 of 61 ± 17 min for 7 ± 6 months. In relation to judo training exposure and outcomes, three main themes emerged: (i) health (56% of studies; e.g., bones, anthropometry, quality of life); (ii) functional fitness (43%; e.g., balance, strength, walking speed); and iii) psychosocial aspects (43%; e.g., fear of falling, cognition, self-efficacy). Although the included studies presented relevant methodological weaknesses, the data support the positive effects of judo training with advancing age. Future research is needed to help coaches plan judo programs for older people.

The main problem against the acceptance of judo for children as sport, in the families, is the "strange" position that some medicine doctors have respect to judo. Many doctors although they have not firsthand experience of judo, describe it as a sport unsuitable for children, often expressing themselves so broadly negative, even via web. Theoretically speaking falls derived by Judo throwing techniques, could be potentially dangerous, especially for kids, if poorly managed. Obviously all judo people knows that good judo is safe for children, and how these affirmations are generalist and negative, but the "truth" is based only on personal experiences, not supported by scientific evidence worldwide accepted. A lot of researches were focalized on traumas or injuries taking place in judo, both during training and competition, from these papers, you know, paradoxically, that training has a higher content of incidents against competition. However never a totally complete Scientific Research was performed to support the harmlessness of judo for kids, especially with regard to potential traumas deriving by falls due to throwing techniques. The goal of this Research is to define and apply a scientific methodology to evaluate the hazard in falls by judo throws for children during training. By organizing the research on the basis of Safety Analysis there are at first defined and experimentally evaluated for fifteen among boys and girls:1.The flight time for five throws 2.The maximum impact forces and velocities for five throws 3.The contact surfaces of bodies on the Tatami for five different throws. 4.The Elastocaloric effect to evaluate the energy absorption by Tatami Materials. 5.The maximum Strain on the Tatami. 6.The impact reaction Stress on the children bodies. After valuated the mechanic of falls, and the evaluation of contact body surfaces on the Tatami, by a Japanese AVIO Thermal Camera, the next step is to connect the impact biomechanics with the potential traumas. The only worldwide accepted methodology both from Medical and Engineering people is the Crash test Methodology. Along with the appropriate changes in the specifications of the "Crash Test Methodology" there are defined and evaluated:1.A "judo boy Dummy", to apply safety criteria used in crash test. 2.Both: Thoracic Trauma Index and Compression Index 3.The Head Injury Criterion 4.The probability of skull fracture (if any) applying risk analysis. Connecting in this way, the mechanical results with the resulting physiological hazard connected to Judo throwing techniques, using the "Crash Test Methodology" it is proved that, correct falls of judo throws are safe for "judo boy Dummy", and for logical extension they are safe, also for judo children. The last two troubles of still judo throwing techniques training for kids are: The wrong combination of kids during training and the potential long term traumas, in such delicate issues a Digital Assistant named (Hazard Training Sentinel) have been prepared to help teachers to manage in optimal way this specific as...

In this paper we put the basis for a mathematical theory of competition in situation sports, such as dual sports and team sports. It is shown that in dual contest sports, the motion of the centre of mass of a couple of athletes is well described, with a good approximation, by Classical Brownian Motion. In contrast, the problem of the motion in team sports, like soccer, football, basketball, water polo, and so on, seems more complex and it would be better to be modelled by a special class of Brownian Motion, the well known Active Brownian Motion, with internal energy depot. In this paper a special equation is proposed for the first time, describing the athletes motion in team sports game and a numerical simulation of the trajectories. The motion paths, obtained from the computational approach, are validated using experimental data of actual games, obtained from motion analysis systems.

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