RESUMELes forêts sacrées connaissent une dégradation proportionnelle à l'augmentation des populations riveraines et du développement de leurs activités socioéconomiques. La présente étude avait pour objectif d'étudier la structure forestière de la forêt sacrée de Nassou, et d'évaluer les possibles effets anthropiques sur les caractéristiques dendrométriques et écologiques de 4 essences fruitières ligneuses. A cet effet, un inventaire forestier de 60 placettes carrées de 900 m 2 réparties suivant un échantillonnage stratifié aléatoire dans les trois formations végétales de ladite forêt a été réalisé. De plus, les niveaux de pressions anthropiques ont été notés en suivant une grille d'évaluation. Certains paramètres structuraux ont été calculés et analysés. Les paramètres dendrométriques et écologiques obtenues variaient globalement en fonction des formations végétales pour les quatre espèces. En général, les plus fortes valeurs sont obtenues en forêt dense sèche par comparaison aux autres formations. Les distributions en diamètre au sein de la forêt présentent globalement des allures normales mais la structure de chaque peuplement d'espèce présente des allures diverses. De plus, une corrélation négative et non significative de manière globale a été observée entre les niveaux de pression et les espèces cibles, indiquant une pression anthropique dirigée vers d'autres espèces. Il faudra donc continuer les investigations pour identifier les espèces les plus vulnérables au choix sélectif des populations et leur effet sur la viabilité des peuplements. ABSTRACTSacred forests are deteriorating in proportion to the increase in riparian populations and the development of their socio-economic activities. This study assessed forest structure of sacred grove Forest of Nassou and possible human effect on biometric and ecological parameters of four fruit plant species. To that P. O. AGBANI et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 12(6): 2519-2534, 2018 2520 end, a forest inventory in 60 plots of 900 m 2 were established using a stratified random across the three vegetation types of the forest. In addition, pressure scale were used to appreciate pressure threshold on target species. Some structural parameter were calculated and statistically tested. Main results shown a variation of biometric and ecological following vegetation types with the highest values obtained in dry forest. Diameter structure were globally followed normal distribution for the whole forest, whereas per species and across vegetation the distribution varies a lot. Moreover, negative correlation between human pressure and diameter structure of the target species. This indicate a pressure on others species of the forest leading to further studies to identify vulnerable species to selective choice by local population and consequences on their viability.
Cashew plantations are established mainly from young seedlings from nurseries. These seedlings can be sources of disease contamination in plantations. In this paper, the perception of cashew nursery producers on the diseases associated with cashew seedlings and their management methods, the inventory and distribution of these diseases in three agroecological zones (AEZ) of Benin were investigated. Thus, a survey was conducted in the three AEZs to collect data on nursery management and samples of diseased seedlings. The results revealed anthracnose development caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, bacterial leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. anacardii and black spot disease caused by Phyllosticta sp. on cashew seedlings in nurseries in the three AEZ. Significant differences, high disease incidence and severity were recorded across AEZs, municipalities and sites (p < 0.05). The highest incidence and severity were 19.33 and 8.8%, respectively for anthracnose, 23.10 and 8.9% for bacterial leaf spot, 18 and 2.76% for black spot disease. Keywords: Cashew seedlings, production system, diseases, management.
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