New indexes of environment and institutions are constructed following principal component analysis (PCA), while non-linear panel regression is employed. This study attempts to estimate a non-linear impact of GDP per capita on the environment following the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis for 97 developing countries during 1991-2014. The study reveals that a traditional EKC shows a U-shaped relationship under static panels, with both quadratic and cubic regressions. Interestingly, the inverted U-shaped occurs when a traditional EKC is estimated by the dynamic panels, with both quadratic and cubic regressions. Moreover, the EKC model is inverted U-shaped following static and dynamic panels, with both quadratic and cubic regressions under institutions. Indeed, the institutions significantly contribute to express EKC in developing countries. Policymakers should formulate environmental policies following climate change mitigation in the environmental sustainability framework, improve the quality of institutions, and increase macroeconomic management to anticipate external shocks such as openness, globalization, and FDI inflows.

Shifting from the agriculture sector to the service sector has made Indonesia's economy rapidly grow and therefore a degradation in environmental quality. The degradation of the Environmental Quality Index (EQI) in 2019 is mostly caused by an increasing water pollution level. Income inequality and poverty in Indonesia is a problem that also causing the EQI degradation. There are 2 purposes of this article which are (1) to find out the effect of income inequality, poverty, and economic growth toward EQI (2) to find if there is causality between economic growth and EQI. The approach used in this article is a quantitative approach with a type of data is secondary data. This article used panel regression with Random Effect Model (REM) by combining cross-section data from 33 provinces in Indonesia and time-series data from 2014 – 2019. The causality between economic growth and EQI is calculated by using Granger Causality. The result shows that (1) economic growth and income inequality have a negative significant relationship toward EQI, but poverty hasn’t affect to EQI (2) There is no causality between economic growth and EQI because EQI can not affect economic growth.

Waste is a national problem in Indonesia. It is related to the old paradigm of waste management, which is only collected, transported, and disposed to the landfill. The same problem occurs in some big cities in Java. Landfills use open dumps, and that causes an increase in negative externalities in the quality of the environment for people who live nearby. This study aims to analyze the externalities of the Piyungan landfill. The objects of this research are the people who lived around the dump. Cost of illness and replacement cost are analysis tools to calculate the externalities. Benefit transfer is used to analyze the externalities ofthe Putri Cempo landfill in Surakarta. The benefit transfer method was developed as an alternative way to value externalities using values from studies of similar circumstances, carried out at related sites somewhere else, given the challenges and high costs inherent in assessing the actual price. Accurately, to test the performance of the benefit transfer method, this study focused on estimates of externalities associated with waste dis-amenities. The results indicate that the existence of the Piyungan landfill has a negative influence on the economic and social aspects as well as the environment of the people around it. It also happens in the Putri Cempo Landfill.

The purpose of this paper is the international tourism have impact on economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissionsin ASEAN Five (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore) or not. There are increase in tourism receipts, GDP, and FDI as well as CO2 emissions approximately 9%, 5%, 4% and 26% respectively. They are always increasing, but is there any relation between international tourism, GDP and carbon dioxide (CO2). This research employs data from 1995 to 2018 to examine long-run equilibrium relationships between tourism, CO2, economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI). Panel analysis with unit root and cointegration test approachis utilized. This paper found that there is a long-term equilibrium relationships between each variable.The tourism receipt, FDI and CO2 emissions affect economic growth positively and statistically significant. In addition, economic growth affect CO2 emissions while tourism does not affect CO2 and FDI indicates a negative relationship on CO2 emissions. Finally, the paper reveals that international tourism receipt affect economic growth but does not affect CO2.

Letak geografis Kabupaten Magetan sebagian kawasannya berada di dataran tinggi membuat daerah ini diuntungkan dengan sumber daya alam yang melimpah. Pariwisata dengan panorama alam menjadikan kawasan tidak sepi dari pengunjung. Meskipun begitu, Pemerintah Kabupaten masih merasa kurang dalam pengelolaannya. Hal demikian terbukti di dalam penerimaan hasil Perusahaan Milih Daerah dan Pengelolaan Kekayaan Daerah yang dipisahkan relatif lebih rendah dibandingkan pos pendapatan lainnya. Selain itu permintaan publik terhadap pengelolaan yang lebih baik juga meningkat, sehingga Pemerintahan menginginkan pembentukan BUMD Pariwisata untuk meningkatkan pengelolaanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebutuhan daerah untuk menilai kelayakan pembentukan BUMD Pariwisata di Kabupaten Magetan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian denga metode kualitatif diskriptif. Tahapan yang dilakukan adalah melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil yang diperoleh dari analisis kebutuhan daerah untuk mendirikan BUMD Pariwisata adalah perlu meningkatkan pelayanan umum dan pengelolaan daerah. Kelayakan Bidang usaha seperti aspek ekonomi, pasar dan pemasaran, yuridis, dan kekayaan daerah juga perlu ditinjau lebih dalam. Dengan begitu pembentukan BUMD layak di jalankan.