<p>This paper presents the challenges and studies involved in the structural analysis and design of a single-layer reticulated dome. The geometry of the dome is not conventional dome-shaped with largest diameter at the base. The dome is “Inverted monk bowl” in shape with the largest diameter at the quarter height. The dome is used as temple with a tall Buddha statue inside. It is a single-layer latticed steel dome, resting on the reinforced concrete structure. The dome is approximately 65 m in diameter at the base, while the diameter at mid-height is about 86 m. Wind tunnel test was conducted to determine the wind pressure on the surface of the dome which was located in the open terrain. High Frequency Pressure Integration (HFPI) technique was applied in the overall wind load study. Linear response history analysis was conducted to determine the response of the structure under wind load, while response spectrum analysis was conducted for seismic load. Staged construction analysis was performed in order to evaluate the performance of the structural components under construction. The structural components and construction loads were added in accordance with the actual construction sequences to determine the design forces.</p>

<p>This paper discusses the challenges involved in the structural design of an iconic pedestrian bridge. The pedestrian bridge is approximately 60 m in span and the cross-section is open elliptical- shaped, formed by spiralling pipes. In the preliminary design stage, different configurations of structural systems are studied to enhance the overall stiffness and strength requirements of the bridge, in close collaboration with architects. Finally, combination of steel double helical ring with steel girders is used as a structural system. Inner helical ring is used as primary structural ring while the outer helical ring is used as secondary ring to support the cladding. A 4 mm-thick aluminium metal skin is used for cladding of the bridge which contributes significant portion of the gravity load and mass for seismic effects in design. The bridge is designed for code-specified gravity, wind and seismic loadings.</p>