Medical waste management in health care facilities is very important because medical waste has various health risks. One hospital can incur up to Rp 1 billion/year for medical waste treatment costs. This study aims to analyze the proper processing of medical waste in hospitals in Jakarta during the pandemic. This type of research is a descriptive observational study conducted cross-sectional through observations on solid waste management at Hospital X, Jakarta City. Decision analysis in this study uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to support the medical waste treatment decision-making process. In this study, two processing methods are given, namely the incinerator and autoclave. An incinerator is a thermal process used to treat medical waste at controlled temperatures. An autoclave is a medical waste treatment that combines moisture, heat, and pressure to sterilize medical waste. The results of the AHP show that hospitals should optimize autoclaves to sterilize highly infectious waste, which can also be used to sterilize sharp medical waste. Meanwhile, medical waste treatment using incinerators can generate other waste in the form of ash from combustion residues. Ash from the combustion process can contain heavy metals such as Cr, Zn, and Pb. Therefore, a strategy is needed to deal with this waste generation so that the final treatment does not end in a landfill but can be a useful product.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global outbreak that also changes the generation of medical waste in hospital. The increasing number of people infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) virus indirectly requires the management of infectious waste from patients to be safe and not have the potential to spread. The purpose of this study was to analyze the medical waste management in a hospital located in Jakarta City, Indonesia. This study employed direct observation and used secondary data in the analysis. Meanwhile, to determine the effect of the population infected with SARS-Cov-2 on medical generation, One Way ANOVA analysis was used. Data from May, 2020 showed that medical waste generation increased from 25.6 kg/month to 192.3 kg/month. The ANOVA significance test showed a value of 0.013; this indicates that the number of the infected population significantly affects the generation of medical waste. Medical waste that found during a pandemic becomes more complex, including hazmat clothes, masks, gloves, medical headgear, used bandages, injection and infusion equipment, eating and drinking utensils for patients exposed to COVID-19, and used swab and rapid test equipment.

Health facilities such as hospitals produce medical waste and non-medical waste. Improper management of medical waste can cause the spread of infectious nature, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, management at the source, such as minimization and containment, is important and must be evaluated. This study evaluates hospital medical waste management based on minimization and containment efforts. This research was conducted by direct observation and literature review. The findings on minimization efforts are following regulations such as reducing the use of materials containing hazardous and toxic materials if there is a choice, avoiding accumulation and expiration of the procurement of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, and separating non-medical and medical waste according to the waste category. The container also meets the standard where the container is equipped with a cover and is made of puncture-resistant material. The containers are also equipped with bags and symbols according to the characteristics of the waste with internal transportation at least once a day or when the container has been filled. Garbage officers prepare medical waste handover documents. Transportation from the production source to the temporary shelter (TPS) uses a yellow trolley with a biohazard symbol, tightly closed with a predetermined route, and cleaning and disinfection are carried out on the trolleys that are used every day.