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Twenty-three lonescu-Shiley standard bovine pericardial bioprostheses (15 aortic, seven mitral, and one tricuspid) removed at surgery from 21 adults, 28 to 75 years old (mean 55 at reoperation), were examined after functioning for as long as 84 months (mean 26 BIOPROSTHESES fabricated from glutaraldehydepretreated porcine aortic valves or bovine pericardium are commonly used to replace diseased human cardiac valves. Primary tissue degeneration due to intrinsic cuspal calcification is the most frequent cause of failure of porcine aortic valve bioprostheses. [1][2][3][4][5] Commercially prepared glutaraldehyde-preserved bioprosthetic heart valves fabricated from bovine pericardium, introduced into general clinical practice in 1976, are now widely used. Actuarially determined freedom from primary tissue failure of the popular Ionescu-Shiley standard pericardial valve has been variably reported to be 60% at 6 years,6 80% to 95% at 6 years,7-and 90% at 11 years.

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