Canada has been seen globally as a leader in immigration and integration policies and programs and as an attractive and welcoming country for immigrants, refugees, temporary foreign workers, and international students. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed some of the strengths of Canada’s immigration system, as well as some of the fault lines that have been developing over the last few years. In this article we provide an overview of Canada’s immigration system prior to the pandemic, discuss the system’s weaknesses and vulnerabilities revealed by the pandemic, and explore a post-COVID-19 immigration vision. Over the next three years, the Government of Canada intends to bring over 1.2 million new permanent residents to Canada. In addition, Canada will continue to accept many international students, refugee claimants, and temporary foreign workers for temporary residence here. The importance of immigration for Canada will continue to grow and be an integral component of the country’s post-COVID-19 recovery. To succeed, it is essential to take stock, to re-evaluate Canada’s immigration and integration policies and programs, and to expand Canada’s global leadership in this area. The authors offer insights and over 80 recommendations to reinvigorate and optimize Canada’s immigration program over the next decade and beyond.

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Keywords:Established/outsiders, scale, immigration, national identity, settler societies, urban/rural divide  Résumé:En 1965, Norbert Elias et John Scotson ont publié un ouvrage dressant les bases des études sur les logiques d’exclusion. Leur analyse a fait l’objet de plusieurs critiques dont le peu d’attention accordée à la question de l’espace. En s’inspirant des travaux de Norbert Elias et de John Scotson, de nouvelles recherches ont tenté de remédier à la situation en accordant plus d’attention aux enjeux d’espace. Du coup, ces études ont grandement contribué au développement d’une sociologie relationnelle. Malgré ces importants développements, un travail important de développement conceptuel subsiste. Cet article suggère que l’approche Éliasienne peut apporter un éclairage important pour la compréhension des dynamiques locales de relations de pouvoir et de construction identitaire en prenant en considération l’importance des jeux de configurations sociales. La prise en compte des configurations sociales au sens Éliasien permet de mettre en relief le caractère simultané et parfois complexes des différents relations sociales en insistant notamment sur le caractère plus vaste des enjeux qui interpellent les acteurs et en s’éloignant d’une compréhension de ces phénomènes (dynamiques et rapports de pouvoir) comme étant le fruit de dynamiques purement locales. Mots clé: dichotomie Established/outsiders; jeux d’échelle; immigration; identité nationale; société coloniale; dichotomie urbain/rural In 1965, Norbert Elias and John Scotson published a seminal study on the dynamics of established/outsider relations. Their analysis has been criticized on several grounds, including its relative inattention to space. A number of recent studies have sought to build on Elias and Scotson's model by putting greater emphasis on space. These studies represent important interventions in the development of a relational approach to local established/outsider relations. Nonetheless, such an approach would benefit from further refinement. In particular, an Eliasian approach can be especially valuable to the study of local power relations and identity constructions if it takes into account the overlapping nature of configurations, emphasizes that individuals are simultaneously embedded in a large number of configurations, recognizes that different spatial contexts are not merely external resources to be manipulated by (local) actors, and refuses to treat conflicts that happen to play out in local contexts as purely local phenomena.