The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly led to the establishment of social distancing measures on a global scale to try to protect the general population as well as patients. 1 An unprecedented wave of dedicated preclinical and clinical research projects has also been launched.

Data regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) description are still limited in pediatric oncology. The French society of pediatric oncology (SFCE) initiated a study to better describe COVID-19 in patients followed in French pediatric oncology and hematology wards. All patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and followed in a SFCE center were enrolled. Data from medical records were analyzed for all patients enrolled up to the end of May 2020. Data were available for 37 patients. Thirty-one were children under 18 years of age. Nineteen patients were female. Seventeen patients had a solid tumor, 16 had a hematological malignancy and four recently underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for non-oncological conditions. Twenty-eight patients presented symptoms, most often with fever, cough, rhinorrhea and asthenia. Ground-glass opacities were the most frequent radiological finding with abnormalities mostly bilateral and peripherally distributed. Twenty-four patients received chemotherapy a month prior to COVID-19 diagnosis. Most patients did not require hospitalization. Three patients required oxygen at the time of diagnosis. In total, five patients were admitted in an intensive care unit because of COVID-19 and one died from the disease. Children and young adults treated for a cancer and/or with a HSCT may be at risk for severe COVID-19 and should be closely monitored.

Bouttefroy, Nicolas André, and Virginie Gandemer participated in the study and data collection, and read and approved the manuscript as submitted.

Primary Mediastinal large B-cell Lymphoma (PMLBL) is a rare entity predominantly affecting adolescents and young adults. Recently, an international phase 2 trial in pediatric patients using dose-adjusted etoposide, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide with vincristine and prednisone plus rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R) failed to reproduce excellent survival reported in some adult studies. The optimal therapy regimen needs to be determined in this disease. French prospective LMB2001 trial included all patients < 18 years with mature B-cell lymphoma treated in French centers. For patients with PMLBL, treatment included 4 to 8 courses of Lymphomes Malins B (LMB)-based chemotherapy without radiotherapy. From 2008, rituximab was added before each chemotherapy course. From 09/2001 to 03/2012, 42 patients with PMLBL were registered. The median age was 15 years (range 8-18). 21 patients were treated by chemotherapy plus rituximab. The median follow-up was 7.1 years (Interquartile range, 5.8-11.1). Five-year event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 88.1% (95%Confidence Interval (CI), 75.0%-94.8%) and 95.2% (95%CI, 84.0%-98.7%) for the whole population. The 5-year EFS was 81.0% (95%CI, 60.0%-92.3%) and 95.2% (95%CI, 77.3%-99.2%) (HR=0.24 (95%CI 0.03-2.2)) and 5-year OS was 90.5% (95%CI, 71.1%-97.3%) and 100% for patients treated without and with rituximab, respectively. Only 1/21 patients treated with rituximab and LMB-based chemotherapy had local early treatment failure but achieved prolonged complete remission with second-line chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Intensive LMB-based chemotherapy with rituximab achieved excellent survival in children/adolescents with PMLBL. Further international prospective studies are required to confirm these results in this population.

A 20-day-old Caucasian female baby, born at term from a twin pregnancy without perinatal complications, was hospitalized in a context of loss of appetite and jaundice worsening for 5 days. No consanguinity nor familial history of neonatal hemolytic anemia were found. The twin brother was healthy. The clinical examination was unremarkable. Biologic investigations showed an isolated severe hemolytic anemia (hemoglobin [Hb] 83 g/L, mean corpuscular volume 100 fL, reticulocytes 119 3 10 9 /L, bilirubin 172 mg/L). The blood film showed anisopoikilocytosis with dacryocytes, fragmented red blood cells (RBCs), hemighosts, and bite cells. Intriguingly, a high proportion (approx. 20%) of distorted, irregularly From the 1 Service d'H ematologie Biologique and the 2 Service d'Oncoh ematologie P ediatrique,