Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between bone mineral density in the calcaneus measured using the dual x-ray and laser osteodensitometry technique and bone mineral density in the mandible calculated using the panoramic radiomorphometric indices obtained by applying linear measurements in panoramic radiograms of postmenopausal women. Material and methods. The participants of this study were postmenopausal women (n=129) aged 50 and more. The subjects underwent panoramic radiography of the mandibles, followed by the calculation of the panoramic radiomorphometric indices indicating bone mineral density of the mandible. The dual x-ray and laser osteodensitometer DXL Calscan were used for the measurements of bone mineral density in the calcaneus. Statistical analysis was preformed to find the relationship between bone mineral density measurements in the two anatomically different bones. Results. Following the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis recommended by the World Health Organization (1994), the subjects were distributed according to the calcaneus bone mineral density T-score into the normal bone mineral density (group 1), osteopenia (group 2), and osteoporosis (group 3) groups. Mean bone mineral density in the calcaneus in the general studied population was 0.38±0.07; the mean value of bone mineral density of the calcaneus in the group 1 (n=34) was 0.47±0.04 (g/cm²), in the group 2 (n=65) was 0.37±0.03 (g/cm²), and in the group 2 (n=30) was 0.29±0.03 (g/cm²). Differences in bone mineral density between the groups were determined using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) F=285.31; df=2; P<0.001 (T1 vs. T2, P<0.001; T1 vs. T3, P<0.001; T2 vs. T3; P<0.001). A statistically significant correlation was found in the general group between the mental index and bone mineral density in the calcaneus (r=0.356, P<0.001), and between the panoramic mandibular index and bone mineral density in the calcaneus (r=0.397, P<0.001). Conclusion. Bone mineral density in the calcaneus and the mandible measured using dual energy x-ray and laser osteodensitometer DXL Calscan and by applying panoramic radiography reflect general changes in the mineralization of these bones, characteristic of the postmenopausal period.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) is a rare syndrome inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, characterized by combinations of tumors of the parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, and pancreatic islet cells and more rare tumors of endocrine organs and nonendocrine tissues. Germline mutations in the MEN1 gene are responsible for the MEN 1 syndrome, leading to an inactive form of menin protein. Benign lesions of the parathyroid glands are characteristic in patients with the MEN 1 syndrome; however, patients can develop parathyroid carcinomas very rarely. This report presents a clinical case of the MEN 1 syndrome: a 39-year-old woman underwent surgery for carcinoma of two parathyroid glands as well as was treated for pituitary prolactinoma, which caused infertility, and malignant insulinoma; the patient had multiple subcutaneous lipomas as well. Genetic analysis revealed a novel germline mutation in the MEN1 gene – a nucleotide insertion at codon 43 in exon 2 (c.129insA), which caused the occurrence of the MEN1 syndrome. The clinical case of the MEN 1 syndrome presented here is relevant in gathering the data on etiopathogenesis of not only MEN 1 syndrome, but an extremely rare pathology – parathyroid carcinoma – as well.

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine body composition, physical activity, and psychological state in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Fat mass, lean mass, water mass, and basal metabolic rate are lower, self-reported physical activity and risk factors of fractures are higher, and cognitive functions were worse in osteoporotic patients than in controls. Significant correlations were found between physical activity and emotional state parameters.IntroductionThis study aims to determine peculiarities of body composition, physical activity, risk factors predicting fractures, psychological state and quality of life, and possible relations between them in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in Lithuania.MethodsThirty-one postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and 29 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Profile of Mood State and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used for the assessment of emotional state. Trail Making Test and Digit Symbol Test of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were used to evaluate cognitive functioning. Quality of life was evaluated using the World Health Organization Brief Quality of Life Questionnaire. Risk of fractures was assessed by the Risk Factors Predicting Questionnaire.ResultsFat mass (22.4 ± 4.7 vs. 40.6 ± 14.2 kg, p < 0.001), lean mass (37.3 ± 6.0 vs. 48.1 ± 7.6 kg, p < 0.001), water mass (31.6 ± 2.9 vs. 38.3 ± 5.3 kg, p < 0.001), and basal metabolic rate (1,253 ± 132 vs. 1,456 ± 126 kcal, p < 0.001) were lower in osteoporotic patients than in controls. Self-reported physical activity (2.35 ± 0.6 vs. 1.69 ± 0.5, p < 0.001) and risk factors of fractures (5.9 ± 2.1 vs. 2.6 ± 2.4, p < 0.001) were higher in women with osteoporosis than in healthy age- and sex-matched controls (2.35 ± 0.6 vs. 69 ± 0.5, p < 0.001). Trail making A and B scores were higher in patients than in age- and sex-matched controls (55.8 ± 19.9 vs. 45.1 ± 19.9, p = 0.07 and 118.2 ± 34.6 vs. 92.8 ± 48.7, p = 0.006). Some significant correlations were detected between physical activity and emotional state and quality of life parameters.ConclusionIn postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, fat body mass, lean body mass, water body mass, basal metabolic rate, and waist-to-hip ratio are lower, physical activity and risk of fractures are higher, and cognitive functions are worse than in age- and sex-matched controls. Some psychological peculiarities could be related to physical activity in women with osteoporosis.

A diagnostic threshold for MI of 3 mm or less is suggested as the appropriate threshold for referral of calcaneal BMD reduction.