ABSTRACT:Compressive strength tests were carried out on six mortar cubes with cement replaced by rice husk ash (RHA) at five levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%). After the curing age of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The compressive strengths of the cubes at 10% replacement were 12. 60, 14.20, 22.10, 28.50 and 36.30 N/mm 2 respectively and increased with age of curing but decreased with increase in RHA content for all mixes. The chemical analysis of the rice husk ash revealed high amount of silica (68.12%), alumina (1.01%) and oxides such as calcium oxide (1.01%) and iron oxide (0.78%) responsible for strength, soundness and setting of the concrete. It also contained high amount of magnesia (1.31%) which is responsible for the unsoundness. This result, therefore, indicated that RHA can be used as cement substitute at 10% and 20% replacement and 14 and 28 day curing age.

This paper discussed on automatic parking system and electronic parking fee collection based on vehicle number plate recognition. The aim of this research is to develop and implement an automatic parking system that will increase convenience and security of the public parking lot as well as collecting parking fee without hassles of using magnetic card. The auto parking system will able to have less interaction of humans and use no magnetic card and its devices. In additions to that, it has parking guidance system that can show and guide user towards a parking space. The system used image processing of recognizing number plates for operation of parking and billing system. Overall, the systems run with pre-programmed controller to make minimum human involvement in parking system and ensure access control in restricted places. This paper presents algorithm technology based method for license plate extraction from car images followed by the segmentation of characters and reorganization and also develop electronics parking fee collection system based on number plate information.

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