Many chronic degenerative diseases have been linked to high intake of various trace and heavy metals. The presence of these compounds in drinking water may be a significant contributing factor to total dietary intake and deposition, resulting in the propagation of a disease cascade. Dairy farm families residing in rural Ontario completed a survey pertaining to the health status of the individuals living on-farm. Water samples were also collected at each location and analyzed for mineral content. Out of 200 surveys delivered to farms, 134 were returned, which formed a study group comprised of 218 adult and 230 children participants. Taking into consideration several factors, such as genetics, environment and diet, the data were analyzed for correlations between heavy metal and mineral status and the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. The findings from this study suggest phosphorus, potassium and magnesium concentrations may play a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Total hardness and pH of water may also have an impact on the development of these diseases.