PM1 (particles less than 1 µm in diameter) were collected continuously from October to November 2010. The concentrations of water-soluble ions (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, F-, Cl-, NO3-and SO42-) and metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Zn) were determined in the filter samples to characterize the chemical composition of PM1 over Nagpur, India at an industrial area during winter. The mean PM1 mass concentration was 53.3 μg/m3. Water-soluble inorganic ions were dominant chemical species and occupied to 32.5% of PM1 mass. NH4+, SO42-and NO3-were the major species of ionic compounds, which accounted for 88.6％ of total ions concentration. Metals occupied 7.8 % of PM1 mass. Principle component analysis indicates that secondary sources, industrial emissions and re-suspension of road dust are the sources of PM1. The aim of this study is to evaluate PM1 pollution at industrial area in Nagpur city, India and find the sources of PM1. For the effective management of the air quality, it is very important to identify the sources of PM1. Chemical analysis of PM1 could provide information on the presence of chemical species that could contribute to particle toxicity. Inhalation exposure to PM1 is concern for both environmental and occupational health research.

In this new era of nano-materials, most chemists and physicists are familiar with the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Noble-metal nano-particles with dimensions (3–100 nm) much smaller than the wavelength of incident light (400–900 nm) exhibit this tendency. In nanostructured materials, due to their very small particle size, the electrons are restricted within the nanoparticle surface area and oscillate with a certain frequency. It is noteworthy that the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance appears when the frequency of the incoming photons overlaps with the frequency of the electrons. As this oscillation of surface electrons is taking place against the restoring forces of the positive nuclei, there is a formation of plasmon resonance. This characteristic property of scattering and absorption of photons appearing in the SPR of every nano-structured material, make them excellent nanoprobes for a variety of applications such as cell imaging and detection of protein phosphorylation and many others. The performance of bio-chemical sensing devices has been greatly improved by the development of localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensors. In the present minireview, we have briefly discussed the classification of biosensors and the basics of their instrumentation. Some of these applications have been discussed here using some nano-engineered biosensors.

In this new era of nano-materials, most chemists and physicists are familiar with the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Noble-metal nano-particles with dimensions (3–100 nm) much smaller than the wavelength of incident light (400–900 nm) exhibit this tendency. In nanostructured materials, due to their very small particle size, the electrons are restricted within the nanoparticle surface area and oscillate with a certain frequency. It is noteworthy that the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance appears when the frequency of the incoming photons overlaps with the frequency of the electrons. As this oscillation of surface electrons is taking place against the restoring forces of the positive nuclei, there is a formation of plasmon resonance. This characteristic property of scattering and absorption of photons appearing in the SPR of every nano-structured material, make them excellent nanoprobes for a variety of applications such as cell imaging and detection of protein phosphorylation and many others. The performance of bio-chemical sensing devices has been greatly improved by the development of localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensors. In the present minireview, we have briefly discussed the classification of biosensors and the basics of their instrumentation. Some of these applications have been discussed here using some nano-engineered biosensors.

In this new era of nano-materials, most chemists and physicists are familiar with the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Noble-metal nano-particles with dimensions (3–100 nm) much smaller than the wavelength of incident light (400–900 nm) exhibit this tendency. In nanostructured materials, due to their very small particle size, the electrons are restricted within the nanoparticle surface area and oscillate with a certain frequency. It is noteworthy that the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance appears when the frequency of the incoming photons overlaps with the frequency of the electrons. As this oscillation of surface electrons is taking place against the restoring forces of the positive nuclei, there is a formation of plasmon resonance. This characteristic property of scattering and absorption of photons appearing in the SPR of every nano-structured material, make them excellent nanoprobes for a variety of applications such as cell imaging and detection of protein phosphorylation and many others. The performance of bio-chemical sensing devices has been greatly improved by the development of localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensors. In the present minireview, we have briefly discussed the classification of biosensors and the basics of their instrumentation. Some of these applications have been discussed here using some nano-engineered biosensors.

A novel, extremely sensitive, first derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of nickel and cobalt with 5-(2’-carboxyphenyl) azoxine (R). R forms complex with the elements with overlapping spectra in aqueous medium at pH 5.2-6.1. The sensitization is achieved by use of non-ionic surfactant, Triton X-100. Color of the cobalt complex fades within 45 minutes, but the presence of nickel increases its stability appreciably making it difficult to determine nickel in presence of cobalt. The use of first derivative achieves selectivity to enable simultaneous determination of nickel and cobalt in presence of each other in the range 4.72 ng ml-1 to 235 ng ml-1 for nickel and 23.56 ng ml-1 to 235.6 ng ml-1 for cobalt by enhancing sensitivity of the already sensitized reaction with Triton X-100. The analytical characteristics of the analytical methods for the determination of nickel and cobalt compare favorably to that of ICP-OES. The method has been successfully applied to mixtures of nickel and cobalt in the varying ratios in the range studied, their alloys (in % range), and in house soil samples (in ppm range) with good precision and accuracy.