Seed plays a critical role in increasing agricultural productivity. Seed has been described as an essential, strategic, and relatively inexpensive input that often determines the upper limit of crop yields and the productivity of all other agricultural inputs. Given the critical role that seed plays in agricultural production, a key question is how to facilitate the development of a seed system that is capable of generating, producing and distributing new seed varieties that meet the needs of all farmers, in a cost-effective way given the critical role that improved varieties play in increasing agricultural production. The study was conducted in Nigeria and Cameroon in West and Central Africa respectively. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in this study to select 167 maize seed producers. Descriptive and quantitative techniques were employed in the analysis of the study data. Descriptive analytical tools such as frequency tables were used to describe the socio economic characteristics of respondents and options in maize seed production. Normalised profit function analysis was used to determine the profitability of seed production and importance indices were used to rank seed production constraints. Finally regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting the profitability of maize seed production. The survey conducted in the two countries revealed that there is no formal maize seed production system in Cameroon. Maize seed in Cameroon came from either the government agencies or from the farmers. However, in Nigeria, there is formal maize seed production system. Evidence from the study has shown that maize seed industry in WCA (Nigeria and Cameroon in particular) has not developed remarkably. According to study, a seed system that would integrate large scale and small scale seed companies with the individual seed producers by way of integrating seed producers as out growers or contract growers to the seed companies seems to be the best option. Finally, government agencies could assist the informal sector by providing foundation seed, extension advice on seed production, processing, treatment and storage and legal framework that permits seed marketing. This would facilitate the growth of small-scale entrepreneurs in the informal sector. This is very relevant in Cameroon where there were no small-scale formal seed producers. The evidence provided in this study could lead to the sustainability of maize seed production in WCA where seed companies exist but struggling to survive and could facilitate the establishment of private seed enterprises in Cameroon where none existed. Based on the findings, numerous policy recommendations are proposed.

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This study assessed the impact of deploying improved arable crop varieties on household food security and poverty in northern Nigeria. Four-stage sampling technique was employed to select 350 farmers. Primary data were collected from respondents using structured questionnaire and analyzed using instrumental variable with two stage least square estimation method. The parameter estimates of the regression model for the determinants of food security using food expenditure showed that age (β = -0.002, p < 0.01), distance of household to health centre (β = -0.004, p < 0.10), sex (β = -0.20, p < 0.01) and marital status (β = -0.22, p < 0.01) were negative and statistically significant. The parameter estimates using both protein consumption measure and calorie consumption measure showed that food expenditure (β = 0.002, p < 0.01), distance to market (β = 0.01, p < 0.10) and other crops grown (β = 0.02, p < 0.01) were all positive and statistically significant while influence of age (β = -0.004, p < 0.05) and distance to health centre (β = -0.005, p < 0.05) on protein and calorie consumption were negative and statistically significant. However, the parameter estimates of the regression model using total expenditure measure showed that age (β = -0.001, p < 0.01), sex (β = -0.25, p < 0.01) and marital status (β = -0.21, p < 0.01) were negative and statistically significant. The study concluded that the project had enhanced food security and contributed to poverty alleviation among adopters.

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