Background Musculoskeletal disorder is a common cause of morbidity, disability, and poor quality-of-life. Its burden among cleaners in developed countries ranges from 56–90%. However, there are a lack of studies in developing countries, particularly in the study area. Thus, the result of this study will help to resolve health problems caused by musculoskeletal disorders among cleaners. Purpose The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and associated factors of musculoskeletal disorders among cleaners working at Mekelle University. Materials and Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 cleaners. Simple random sampling was used to select the study participants. Data were collected through interview using the standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and bivariate logistic regression were done to identify factors associated with musculoskeletal disorder. In bivariate logistic regression analysis, variables with a P -value<0.25 were modeled to multivariate analysis. Variables with a P -value≤0.05 with 95% confidence interval (CI) in multivariate model were taken as statistically significant. Finally, AOR with 95% CI at a P -value<0.05 was reported. Results This study found that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among cleaners was 52.3% in the past 12 months and 31.8% in the last 7 days. Time pressure (AOR=3.25, 95% CI=1.08–9.77), work experience (AOR=2.49, 95% CI=1.12–5.52), feeling exhausted (AOR=2.68, 95% CI=1.16–6.20), working hours per day (AOR=3.55, 95% CI=1.54–8.20), awkward posture (AOR=15.71, 95% CI=6.47–38.17), and those who work more than 2 hours in sustaining position (AOR=8.05, 95% CI=2.25–28.85) showed a statistically significant association with musculoskeletal disorder. Conclusion Musculoskeletal disorders were commonly reported among cleaners working at Mekelle University. Time pressure, work experience, feeling exhausted, working hours per day, awkward posture, and working >2 hours in sustaining position were statistically significant in their association with musculoskeletal disorders.

BackgroundEthiopia has the highest neonatal tetanus mortality and morbidity rates in the world due to low TT immunization coverage coupled with the high amount of deliveries taking place at home. This study aimed to identify individual and community-level factors associated with protections of last live birth against neonatal tetanus among mothers age 15–49 in Ethiopia.MethodsThe P-value of less than 0.05 in the final model was considered as statistically significant. The interclass correlation coefficient and proportional change in variance were used to quantify the magnitude of the general contextual effect. The relative goodness-of-fit test was conducted using Akaike's information criterion.ResultHome delivery (AOR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.96), at least one ANC visits (AOR = 12.35; 95% CI: 10.42, 14.62) and wealth index (poorer (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.54) and richer (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.93). were the individual factors that had an association with the utilization of protection of last live birth against neonatal tetanus.ConclusionsUtilization of protection of last live birth against neonatal tetanus is affected both by the individual and community level factors with high state variation.

Background: Pneumonia is a major reason for hospital admission among children, particularly in resource-poor areas. A hospital stay (length of stay) alone is found to contribute for 46.8% of a household cost for single episode of severe pneumonia. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of recovery from severe pneumonia and predictors among children 2–59 months of age admitted to pediatric ward of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH). Methods: A retrospective facility-based cohort study was conducted among under-five-year-old children admitted in ACSH. Three years medical records from July 7, 2015 to July 6, 2018 were reviewed. A total of 285 children with severe pneumonia admitted to pediatric ward of ACSH were included. Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve was used to estimate recovery time. The independent effects of covariates on recovery time are analyzed using multivariate Cox-proportional adjusted model. Result: The median survival time was four days (95% CI = 3.732 – 4.268). The incidence of recovery was 92.3%. Co-morbidity (AOR: 3.47, 95%CI, 2.21, 5.4), malnutrition (AOR = 1.9, 95%CI, 1.2, 3.1), duration of chief complaint (AOR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.54, 0.94), and vaccination (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI, 0.13, 0.81) were significant predictors of time to recovery from severe pneumonia. Conclusion: High recovery rate and short length of hospital stay was observed in this study. Increased duration of chief complaint, presence of co-morbidity, being malnourished, and vaccination were factors that associated with time to recovery. Therefore focuses have to be given in increasing the community’s health seeking behavior to visit health facility early and especial attention should be given for children with co-morbidity, malnutrition, and unvaccinated children.

Globally, an estimated 2-3 million women live with untreated obstetric fistula. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 50 000-100 000 women develop obstetric fistula annually, with at least 33 000 of these located in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). 1 SSA and South Asia are the regions that have the highest burden of obstetric fistula. There are over 6000 new cases per year in these two world regions. In the developing world, the prevalence of obstetric fistula is 29 per 100 000 women of reproductive age, and in SSA and South Asia its prevalence is 16 and 12 per 10 000 women of reproductive age, respectively. 2 Ethiopia is one of the highest burdened countries that constitute the fistula belt in the world and most women are young and married in their early teens to farmers with little or no education. These women are given heavy tasks in the household and have no access to health facilities during pregnancy and labor. 3 The estimated coverage of institutional and home deliveries in Ethiopia is 48% and 52%, respectively. This shows that most women are giving birth at home without any medical care and are exposed to devastating conditions. 4

Background: Neonatal tetanus is still the major public health problem in about 25 countries, mainly in Africa. Ethiopia has the highest neonatal tetanus mortality and morbidity rates in the world due to low TT immunization coverage coupled with the high amount of deliveries taking place at home. In Ethiopia, only 49% of the pregnant mothers received TT2+ in 2016. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify individual and community level factors associated with protections of last live birth against neonatal tetanus among mothers 15-49 years age in Ethiopia, evidence from Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Methods: The data for this study was obtained from Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey of 2016. Population based cross-sectional study was conducted. The data were analyzed using Stata version 14. Variables that were significant in the bivariate multilevel logistic regression analysis were entered to the final model. Variables with p-value of less than 0.05 in the final model were considered as statistically significant. Interclass correlation coefficient and proportional change in variance were used to quantify the magnitude of the general contextual effect. Receiver operating characteristics curve was used to assess general accuracy of the model. Relative goodness-of-fit test was conducted using akaike’s information criterion.Results: This study depicted that, a total of 7193 women nested in 643 clusters were included in the analysis. The odds of protection of last live birth against neonatal tetanus were 1.27 and 1.53 times higher in mothers with poorer and richer respectively than mothers with poorest wealth index. Mothers who had antenatal care visit one and above had 12.3 times higher odds of protections of neonatal tetanus than those who had no antenatal care visits. The other significantly associated factors were place of delivery, region and community media exposure.Conclusion and recommendation: It can be concluded from the current study that protection of last live birth against neonatal tetanus is affected both by the individual and community level factors. Therefore, efforts to increase protection of last live birth against neonatal tetanus need to target both at individual and community level factors.