A vast fraction of the population of India considers agriculture as its primary occupation. The production of crops plays an important role in our country. Bad quality crop production is often due to either excessive use of fertilizer or using not enough fertilizer. The proposed system of IoT and ML is enabled for soil testing using the sensors, is based on measuring and observing soil parameters. This system lowers the probability of soil degradation and helps maintain crop health. Different sensors such as soil temperature, soil moisture, pH, NPK, are used in this system for monitoring temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and soil pH along with NPK nutrients of the soil respectively. The data sensed by these sensors is stored on the microcontroller and analyzed using machine learning algorithms like random forest based on which suggestions for the growth of the suitable crop are made. This project also has a methodology that focuses on using a convolutional neural network as a primary way of identifying if the plant is at risk of a disease or not.

The objective of this study is to design a calorimetric dummy load (CDL) containing an efficient cooling mechanism to absorb maximum power of 200 kW at 42 ± 0.2 GHz frequency for maximum duration of 3 seconds. The design is suited for microwave power propagating in HE11 mode. High microwave power is generally measured and characterized by CDL, which is designed to suit the exiting modes of the gyrotron. In the current project, the output mode of the gyrotron in TE03 is converted to a Gaussian HE11 mode with help of series of mode converters. This study highlights thermal analysis and simulation studies using ANSYS computational fluid dynamics analysis for water coolant passing through helical teflon tubing. Analytical calculations for thermal management of water coolant are also carried out and compared with the simulation studies. A defocusing convex mirror has been designed using a quasi‐optical approach. Material selection of the defocusing mirror, based on cost‐effectiveness, transient thermal analysis, and microwave power absorption in the skin depth of the material, has been carried out. Finally, a comparison of analytical calculation and simulation studies has been carried out.

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