There is little research examining disparities among subcategories of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people who identify as transgender. The purpose of this study is to elucidate health disparities regarding access to and utilization of health care and experiences with discrimination within the transgender community. Methods: The United States Transgender Survey (USTS) was conducted online between January and December of 2015. The survey included questions about health care access, utilization, and discrimination. Chi-squared tests were used to identify differences in demographic variables among transfeminine (TF), transmasculine (TM), and nonbinary (NB) participants. Logistic regression was used to analyze differences in health care access, utilization, and discrimination between the three groups. Results: A total of 27,715 transgender-identifying people participated in the survey. TF and TM individuals were more likely to report postponement of health care utilization due to fear of discrimination and had experienced discrimination in the health care setting than NB respondents. NB respondents were more likely to delay care due to cost. Conclusions: Results from this USTS analysis indicate the need for medical education, policy implementation, and intersectional research to establish health equity for transgender people.
Marginalized college students report experiencing both systemic and everyday discrimination in higher education. Scholars have highlighted the effects of microaggressions on well-being and attitudes toward school persistence. Most studies have used a unidimensional approach to unpack oppressive systems for individuals with multiple marginalized identities and therefore experiences around intersectionality are often not considered. Particularly among sexual minorities of color, differences in experiences with microaggressions for cisgender and gender expansive people are often overlooked when assessing educational outcomes. The current cross-sectional study (n = 153) used an intersectional approach to explore experiences of LGBTQ+ Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPoC). We examined the association between intersectional microaggressions (sexual and racial) and school persistence attitudes, comparing differences between cisgender and gender expansive students. According to our findings, intersectional microaggressions negatively impacted attitudes toward school persistence and cisgender privilege emerged as a moderator to buffer this effect. Specifically, gender expansive students were less likely to hold positive attitudes of school persistence compared to cisgender sexual minority students of color when experiencing higher levels of intersectional microaggressions. We used an intersectional approach to explore how cissexism, heterosexism, and racism impact those at the margins among LGBTQ+ BIPoC students highlighting implications for higher education.
This netnography‐based inquiry of the #MeToo movement on Twitter recognizes the relationships between organizations and individuals in varying levels of power and how social media can mitigate power dynamics in reporting systems for sexual harassment and assault. We study both academia and corporations as cultural institutions within which sexual harassment survivors are historically disenfranchised and convinced not to voice their stories. Distinct elements of these structures create differences in how vulnerable individuals face persecution. This paper explores the relationships between university and corporate contexts within the ecological framework of harassment. Our multidisciplinary study contributes to existing literature by extracting two samples of tweets (n = 1248 university and n = 1290 corporate) with three different unguided analytic tools to explore their semantic meaning, valence and emotionality, and overall sentiment. Drawing from our findings and literature review, we discuss the history of #MeToo as an amplification tool; Twitter as a social movement mechanism; and the roles of power, retaliation, and risk across institutions in relation to survivors of sexual violence and harassment.
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