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Background: For the establishment of functional neural circuits that support a wide range of animal behaviors, initial circuits formed in early development have to be reorganized. One way to achieve this is local remodeling of the circuitry hardwiring. To genetically investigate the underlying mechanisms of this remodeling, one model system employs a major group of Drosophila multidendritic sensory neurons -the dendritic arborization (da) neurons -which exhibit dramatic dendritic pruning and subsequent growth during metamorphosis. The 15 da neurons are identified in each larval abdominal hemisegment and are classified into four categories -classes I to IV -in order of increasing size of their receptive fields and/or arbor complexity at the mature larval stage. Our knowledge regarding the anatomy and developmental basis of adult da neurons is still fragmentary.

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we report the first case of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency with severe hepatic dysfunction requiring a living-related liver transplantation. Patients with this disorder should be followed up carefully, even during infancy.

Urushi (oriental lacquer) is made from the sap of Rhus vernicifera and consists mainly of the catechol derivative urushiol. Thermal curing of urushiol, unlike other catechol derivatives, is possible because of the unsaturated double bonds in the long hydrocarbon side chain. We described here a simple, efficient method to produce a thermally cross‐linked urushi thin film using iron(II) acetate as the additive. The cured thin films showed robust, flexible feature as confirmed by strain‐induced elastic buckling instability for mechanical measurements (SIEBIMM) and bulging experiments. In contrast, a thin film of poly(dopamine) that is a typical catechol derivative without long hydrocarbon side chain showed brittleness. The long hydrocarbon side chain of urushiol plays an important role for both thermal processability and superior mechanical properties of the material. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3688–3692