Background: Thyroid nodules are a common finding in general practice. These nodules are either solitary or multinodular. In the present study thorough evaluation of all the cases presenting with a solitary thyroid nodule (STN) is done. The clear overview of prevalence of STN, associated risk factors, its distribution and its percentage of malignancy, clinic-pathological correlation and findings on ultra-sonogram.Methods: A one year cross sectional study at a tertiary care hospital was done after ethical committee approval. All cases of thyroid with solitary thyroid nodule were included and socio demographic data, clinical examination and USG data was noted. Thyroid hormone profile, FNAC and HPE was performed for every case enrolled and data was noted. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.Results: 350 cases were enrolled with 44.42% prevalence and 61.43% were females. Maximum age group was 31-40 years with swelling as the most common sign. 81.14% were euthyroid, 6.3% of cases had lymph node involvement. Micro calcification in 69.7% of nodules and 78.65 were solid. 40.3% of the STN were of colloid on FNAC and 6% were malignant. Malignancy on HPE was 14.6% and papillary carcinoma was the most commonest and follicular least.Conclusions: All cases of STN require a thorough clinical approach supported by ultra-sonogram, FNAC and detailed HPE after surgery for evaluation of benign and malignant lesions. Fine needle aspiration cytology has become an invaluable, minimally invasive and reliable tool in the preoperative assessment of patients with suspicion of malignancy.

Background: Gastritis is one of the commonest clinical conditions encountered by a physician. The most common cause is said to be infection with Helicobacter pylori. The present study was aimed to diagnose the prevalence of H. pylori infection among the cases of gastritis and its correlation with histopathological findings and associated rapid urease test.Methods: A one year prospective study at a tertiary care hospital was conducted and all cases of gastritis were included and socio demographic data, clinical complaints and duration were noted. Endoscopy was performed on all cases. Biopsy was performed histopathological examination with staining and graded by Houston-updated Sydney system. Rapid urease test was performed and findings noted.Results: 325 cases with 215 male and 110 female cases were included. 26.15% were in age group of more than 60 years and number of cases increased with age. Mean age of study participants was 39.12±2.8 years and heart burn was the common complaint in the study cases. 81.54% of the cases revealed endoscopic gastritis on endoscopy and hyperaemia was commonest. 83.69% were positive by rapid urease test. Rapid urease test is more sensitive than histological staining in confirmation of H. pylori infection.Conclusions: To conclude on the present study, the prevalence of H. pylori infection is on a global rise and appropriate measures to reduce the prevalence is quite an urgent necessity. Histopathological interpretation of gastric biopsies is a reliable indicator of H. pylori infection as well as gastritis grading according to the Sydney grading system.