IntroductionSkin wounds have long healing processes, and therefore they decrease the life quality of patients. The healing of wounds in a short time without any infections or scars is the desired outcome. In recent years, there have been many studies conducted on alternative treatment methods for wound healing (1-4). The studies related to wound healing aim to achieve wound healing without scar formation as well as accelerating the wound healing (4). However, studies are still ongoing to achieve optimal wound healing.From ancient times, herbal drugs have been used to treat wounds, and in many cultures their uses continue in traditional medicine. Historically, all medicinal preparations were derived from plants. Today, a significant number of drugs are developed from plants that are active against a number of diseases (5).Nigella sativa (NS) extract and its oil have antineoplastic, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, and antioxidant effects, and they stimulate the immune system. These effects stem from the active compounds in the contents of NS. There are many active compounds in NS such as thymoquinone, dithymoquinone, thymol, carvacrol (volatile acids), nigellicine, nigellimine-N-oxide, nigellidine (alkaloids), and α-hedrin (triterpene) (6-8). It has been suggested that thymoquinone acts as an antioxidant and prevents membrane lipid peroxidation in tissues (9).Hypericum perforatum (HP) is used in various ways in wound healing. It is reported in the literature to have antispasmodic, sedative, antiseptic, and antidepressive effects as well as wound-healing effects (10,11). In addition, it is known to be effective against bacteria, viruses, inflammation, and pain (11,12).Today, traditional medicine is commonly used in wound healing. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of NS and HP in the form of an oil cream in concentration of 50% on wound healing in terms of clinical, biochemical, and histological aspects. Materials and methods ChemicalsNS, HP oil cream, and placebo cream were used. To prepare NS and HP oil creams, NS oil (Hel-Kim, 50 mL, Mersin, Turkey) and HP oil (Aksu Vital, 20 mL, İstanbul, Turkey) were separately mixed with equal amount of placebo cream.

ABSTRACT:The present study examined the results of using hyaluronic acid with autogenetic cancellous grafts in the treatment of experimentally induced osteochondral defects in the stifle joints of dogs. In this study, 10 mature dogs of different breeds, weights and of both sexes were used. General anesthesia and usual operation procedures were followed. A 10 mm deep defect was created on the femoral sulcus of the trochlea with a drill tip of 8 mm in diameter. The defects in the right and left legs were filled with autogenic cancellous grafts taken from the metaphysial region of the tibia. The left legs constituted the experimental group while the right legs served as control group. In the experimental group, 2 mg/kg intraarticular hyaluronic acid was twice administered into the stifle joint, i.e., immediately subsequent to the operation and 1 month afterwards. Parenteral antibiotics were prescribed postoperatively for ten days. Five animals were sacrificed at the third and sixth month after surgery. Macroscopic and microscopic findings obtained from each case were evaluated. On macroscopical examination, trochlear defects were determined to be incompletely filled at the third month in both control and experimental groups. On histopathologic examination, a loose fibrovascular formation in the area where the graft was applied was observed to be present in both control and experimental groups. However, in the experimental group this formation was more superficial, ossification activity was greater and trabeculous bone formation had been initiated. Macroscopical examination carried out in the sixth month determined that in the control group the defect surface did not fill up to the trochlear sulcus level. In the histopathologic examination, in control groups it was found that fibrocartilageous structures were developing in the fibrovascular space even though ossification was incomplete. The macroscopic examination showed that in the experimental group, the defect surface reached the trochlear sulcus level of defects in this month. The histopatologic examination revealed that fibrous tissue comprised a thin layer, under which ossification processes were complete and bone trabeculates fully formed. It was concluded that the usage of autogenic cancellous graft along with hyaluronic acid may be useful in the repair of large osteochondral defects.

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The subject of this study was a dog brought to our clinic with complaints of severe cough, dyspnea and anorexia. During the clinical examination, a hard mass was detected by palpation of the neck area. Vomiting reflex was observed. As a result of radiographic and endoscopic examination, a foreign body was found in the caudal part of the larynx. After the diagnosis was made, the patient was anesthetized and the foreign body was removed with forceps from the oral cavity. During the postoperative period, the patient was administered parenteral antibiotics and intraoral antiseptic for a week. The approach to foreign body cases in the respiratory tract of dogs is discussed.