Aim of Study: To determine effectiveness of myringotomy and grommet insertion (MGI) for patients with otitis media with effusion (OME), who failed medical treatment. Methods: A retrospective study was done on 86 patients who underwent MGI for OME between 2005 to 2010. Result: Age of patients ranged from 1 to 12 years, most of them (72%) were less than 6 years old. In children with OME, hearing and academic performance improved after grommet insertion. Conclusion: OME is mainly a disease of preschool age. The leading presenting complaint is hearing loss. MGI is important to be done if medical treatment failed. Hearing threshold improves significantly postoperatively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i1.14861 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(1): 36-40

Result: The age ranged from 1 to 12 years, 62 (72.1%) were less than 6 years old. Hearing and academic performance improved after grommet insertion. Conclusion: The study revealed that OME occurred mostly in preschool age. Hearing loss was noticed in 64 (74.4%), impaired social interaction in 37 (43%), difficulty in learning in 15 (17.4%) and delayed speech in 11 (12.8%). The leading presenting complaint is hearing loss. MGI is indicated if medical treatment failed. Hearing threshold improves significantly postoperatively.

Introduction/Background* Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a rare complication of simple hysterectomy, however urinary fistulas can occur in patients when cervix and surrounding tissue is distorted due to fibroids or cervical cancer Methodology A 43 years old lady was referred to our centre with complaints of continuous urinary incontinence post-surgery. She had undergone simple hysterectomy with salpingoophrectomy for undiagnosed cervical cancer.Clinical examination, cystoscopy and staging contrast CT scan showed 2 cm defect in posterior wall of urinary bladder communicating with vagina. There was no evidence of parametrial, vaginal or lymph node disease. Review histopathology confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of cervix. Da Vinci Xi system was used with port placements at the level of umbilicus. Prior to docking, bilateral ureteric catheters along with catheter in the fistula track was placed cystoscopically. Dome of the bladder was opened to visualise fistulous track completely. Bladder and vaginal wall were identified around the fistulous margin and mobilized. Vaginal edges were sutured in transverse direction and bladder edges were sutured in longitudinal direction so that both the suture lines were perpendicular to each other to reduce tissue tension and better healing. Continuous V-lock sutures were used for both vagina and bladder repair and an omental flap was placed at the fistula site for healing and preventing adhesions. Blood loss was 200ml. She had an indwelling bladder catheter for 2 weeks along with a prescription of bladder relaxants Result(s)* Her postoperative period was uneventful and CT cystogram on day 14 showed no urinary leak. She was referred for further adjuvant treatment in view of incompletely treated cervical cancer and presence of few peritoneal nodules diagnosed during repair. At 6 months follow up of VVF repair, patient is continent with no urinary complains, however she has progressive disease. Conclusion* In conclusion, Urinary fistula repair through minimal access route is feasible and allows early recovery with reduced morbidity.