This article reviews evaluation methods used in the field of international development to draw lessons for the specific challenges of evaluating climate change adaptation. The three specific challenges identified in climate change and resilience monitoring and evaluation are: assessing attribution, creating baselines, and monitoring over long time horizons. This article highlights a range of methods that can be used in climate change adaptation and concludes that, although the methods are available, it is how they are applied that can help address these particular challenges. Methods used within an overarching conceptual framework that emphasizes mixed methods, participatory methodologies, and an iterative, learning focus can start to address the inherent challenges in evaluating responses to an uncertain future climate. This type of approach and application of a set of methods can also be useful in other areas of evaluation, where the outcomes are very long term and socioeconomic trends are extremely uncertain.

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This working paper discusses how governments can use practical, flexible approaches to determine if and how finance is supporting locally led adaptation (LLA) to climate change. As national governments invest in building resilience to climate impacts, many are recognizing the importance of LLA. LLA recognizes that people closest to the effects of climate change are often best placed to identify adaptation solutions and must have financing and decision-making power to ensure that adaptation investments reflect their priorities. The paper provides metrics for governments to track how much finance reaches the local level for adaptation, and how well that finance supports local agency in adaptation decisions. It also recommends tracking and reporting options governments can adapt to their country contexts and climate finance objectives. These recommendations are practical, near-term steps toward longer-term transformational change needed to support locally led adaptation. Tracking and reporting finance for LLA is important for ensuring adequate and sound investments, and ultimately for ensuring that finance reaches and meets the needs of those most directly affected by climate change.

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