Background. Heavy metals in excessive levels are hazardous to ecosystems as they can bioaccumulate in organisms, have toxic effects on biota, and even cause mortality in most life forms. Methodology. The present study consists of two studies; initially, different concentrations of copper were biosorbed by using 1 gm powder of various biosorbents such as orange peels (OP), pomegranate peels (POP), and peanut peels (PP). Furthermore, the biosorbed water was used to irrigate soil when the mung beans were cultivated. The growth parameters of plants growing under induced copper stress and treated with different bioabsorbed waters were also evaluated. Results. The results revealed that, among all biosorbents, the copper biosorption capacity of orange peels was maximum (90%), followed by pomegranate peel. The results of the second experiment exhibited that the plants irrigated with biosorbed water did not show metal toxicity. A remarkable increase in shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight was observed (29.8 cm, 15.4 g, and 14 g, respectively) when exposed to biosorbent water with peanut peels + 200 mg kg−1 (Cu2+). Similarly, pomegranate peel biosorbed water turned out to be an effective treatment to enhance root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight (6.81 cm, 4.07 g, and 2.66 g, respectively) and resist against induced heavy metal stress conditions at higher concentration (200 mg kg−1). Furthermore, orange peel biosorbed water elevated the total chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content in mung bean (1.56 mg/g and 1.89 mg/g). The highest tolerance index of mung bean plant grown under the stress of Cu2+ metal was induced by orange peel biosorbed water. Conclusion. Biosorption is an environmentally friendly approach to mitigate heavy metals from the water. The studies showed that agricultural wastes have enough bioabsorption potential and should be used to absorb the heavy metal present in water.

This paper presents a study in which the divorce predictor scale (DPS), based on Gottman couples therapy, was used to predict divorce. The 54 items in the DPS were used as features or attributes in a machine learning model. In addition to the DPS, a personal information form was utilized to gather participants' personal data in order to conduct this study in a more structured and traditional manner. Out of 148 participants 116 participants were married whereas 32 were divorced. With the use of algorithms Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Naïve Byes (NB) and Random Forest (RF), the effectiveness of DPS was examined in this study. The correlation based feature selection method was used to identify the top 6 features from the same dataset and the highest accuracy rate was 96.61\% with ANN. The results show that DPS can predict divorce. This scale can help family counselors and therapists in case formulation and intervention plan development process. Additionally, it may be argued that the Hail region, KSA sampling confirmed the Gottman couples treatment predictors.

Lead (Pb) is an abundant and one of the most lethal metals found in the earth’s crust. Its use by humans dates back to thousands of year. Even the low doses of lead are responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species which leads to oxidative load. This oxidative stress mitigates production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and down regulates antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Study Design: Quasi experimental Study. Place and duration of study: Department of Biochemistry, ANMCH, Islamabad, Pakistan in collaboration with NIH, Islamabad from November, 2018 to April, 2019. Methodology: A total of 40 BALB/c mice were divided into two groups of 20 mice each. Group  was given normal standard diet. Group  was given lead acetate in drinking water with normal diet without any supplementation. Levels of malondialdehyde were measured by using Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) was estimated by xanthine oxidase method at the end of study. Results: The results of our study showed increase in MDA and decrease in SOD in lead treated group when compared with the control group. Pearson correlation was applied to assess the degree of association between two parameters, it showed significant negative correlation with value of r = -0.96 and p-value of 0.001 Conclusion: It was concluded from our study that increase in MDA leads to decrease in SOD indicating strong negative correlation in lead poisoned mice. Key words: Lead poisoning, Malondialdehyde, Oxidative Stress, Superoxide Dismutase

Background: A complex pattern of hypercoagulability is associated with hyperthyroidism which is attributed to the actions mediated by boosting up of platelet activation, release of pro-coagulatory cytokines and chemokines, and probable interactions of activated platelets and endothelial cells that may lead to increased risk for intravascular thrombosis. Hyperthyroidism is linked to higher levels of fibrinogen, vWF and factor VIII, lower levels of plasminogen and plasminogen activator, decrease in PT and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) levels and non-significant changes in PAI and antiplasmin levels. Aim: To assess the hypercoagulability and determine the correlation of plasma T4 with aPTT and fibrinogen levels in hyperthyroid patients. Methods: It was an observational prospective study carried out at Niazi Medical College and teaching hospital, Sargodha from January to November 2021. 118 patients with diagnosed hyperthyroidism and above 15 years were recruited in the study that did not have history of coagulability of blood such as hemophilia, immune disorders, cancers, pregnancy, clinically known hypercoagulable state, and on any type of anticoagulant therapy. Levels of thyroid hormones (TSH, T3 and T4), aPTT and fibrinogen were measured in the laboratory. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequencies, percentages and range were calculated for categorical variables. Spearman’s correlation was used to determine the correlation between plasma T4 levels and aPTT and plasma T4 and fibrinogen in all patients. Results: Cumulative results showed that 34 (29%) patients had T4 level between 11– 16µg/dl, 45(38%) between 17- 21µg/dl and 39(33%) had T4 levels > 21 µg/dl. Spearman’s correlation’s results to determine association between plasma T4 and aPTT revealed that a strong negative correlation (rs= -.67, p< .001) exists between plasma levels of Thyroxine (M = 18.49, SD= 3.78) and aPTT (M=23.70, SD=1.70). A moderate positive correlation (rs= .37, p < .001) is evident between plasma thyroxine (M = 18.49, SD = 3.78) and fibrinogen (M = 4.27, SD = 0.43) levels. Conclusion: High levels of thyroxine (T4) lead to a hypercoagulable state due to shortened aPTT and higher fibrinogen levels and there is a strong negative correlation between plasma thyroxine (T4) and aPTT and fibrinogen levels in hyperthyroid patients. Keywords: Hyperthyroidism, hypercoagulability, thyroxine (T4), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).