While spirituality/religion has a healing effect for some individuals, for others it may have the opposite effect of enhancing psychological symptoms. For this reason, efforts are being made to address spirituality as a therapeutic or accelerating factor and reduce the potential negative effects of spirituality in the therapy process. The effectiveness of these applications is investigated in various studies. A comprehensive literature is being formed out of the studies conducted worldwide. Newly started studies in Turkey and similar countries are promising, but there are few coherent examples of how to address spirituality in therapy. In this article, the techniques and applications used in spiritually oriented cognitive behavioral therapy have been compiled and therapeutic applications are proposed. Ethical practices and applications specific to Muslim clients are also discussed. Keywords Manevi Yönelimli Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapiye Genel Bir BakışÖz Maneviyat/din, bazı bireyler için iyileştirici etki gösterirken, bazı bireyler içinse tam tersi olarak psikolojik semptomları arttırıcı işlev de görebilmektedir. Bu nedenle maneviyatın terapi sürecinde iyileştirici veya iyileşmeyi hızlandırıcı bir etken olarak kullanılmasına ve olası olumsuz etkilerini azaltmaya yönelik çalış-malar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmaların etkililiği araştırmalar ile incelenmektedir. Özellikle yurtdışı çalışmala-rında artan uygulamalar geniş kapsamlı bir literatürün oluşumuna doğru yol almaktadır. Türkiye ve benzer ülkelerde ise yeni yeni başlayan çalışmalar umut vericidir; fakat maneviyatın terapide nasıl kullanılacağına dair uygulama örnekleri azdır. Bu makale kapsamında bilişsel davranışçı terapi özelinde uluslararası literatürde yer alan manevi yönelimli terapi uygulamaları incelenmiş ve bu araştırmalarda kullanılan teknikler derlenerek terapötik uygulamalar tanıtılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca etik uygulamalar ve Müslüman danışan-larla yapılan çalışmalara da yer verilmiştir. Anahtar KelimelerSpirituality Maneviyat • Bilişsel davranışçı terapi • Dini yönelimli terapi • Manevi yönelimli terapi• BDT
yapılırken Mantık Al-Tayr eserinde yer alan "istek, aşk, marifet, istiğna, tevhit, hayret ve fakr-u fena" isimli vadiler ve bu vadilerden geçiş için gerekli olan özellikler ile nefis mertebeleri temel olarak alınmıştır. Ayrıca yorumlama yapılırken Attâr'ın "İlâhiname, Esrarname " eserlerinden de faydalanılmıştır.
Family, community and school are privileged contexts to acquire and consolidate fundamental values for governing individual life and interpersonal relations across lifespan, and such learning is more effective if there is congruence in the messages learned, and if children and adolescents are stimulated to develop critical thinking competences to deal with information. Involving a convenience sample of 889 subjects, 446 adolescents and 443 parents from seven European countries to whom a selfadministered questionnaire was applied, this paper presents the main results European Journal of Educational Sciences, EJESDecember 2016 edition Vol.3, No.4 ISSN 1857-6036 28 of cross-comparisons between and within countries about the perceived importance of values for family. Participants were also asked to do a selfevaluation of themselves as models of citizenship for others. Overall, mothers tend to consider that values are more promoted in families than fathers, but there are no differences in the opinions of adolescent boys and girls. When males and females are compared with no distinction of generations, the latter agreed more with the significance of values for the family than the former. There are some specific differences between and within countries and sample groups in the evaluation of values and selfperceptions of citizenship performance. Despite the limited number of participants in each country, the discussion of results highlights the importance of debating the values that guide personal and societal principles inside and outside the family, in an effort to construct a world free of prejudice and discrimination and where every person, regardless of cultural, religious or ethnical identities, is invited to contribute to the common wellbeing.
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