This study aims to answer two major research questions: (a) What are the characteristics of the juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs) and their offenses in Turkey? (b) How do different risk factors vary across the JHOs and other violent and nonviolent juvenile offenders? The data set was derived from the court records of a group of adjudicated youth (n = 546) in Turkey. These records were coded to include information on both the offense characteristics of the homicides committed by juveniles (i.e., motivation, weapon of choice, victims' characteristics, etc.) and the individual and family-level risk factors available in JHOs and two other delinquent groups. Our findings indicated that most of the homicide cases committed by juveniles were motivated by a fight/argument and did not involve any criminal premeditation. The victims were mostly strangers and close in age to the offenders. JHOs were significantly different from other juvenile offenders in a number of aspects, such as age, number of siblings, effectiveness of intrafamilial communication,

To implement effective diversion programs and determine for a well-suited intervention strategy, ascertaining who, among the adjudicated youth, is more likely to involve in multiple offending, rather than desisting after an initial delinquent behavior, is of great significance. The overall objective of this study, therefore, is to contribute to the existing knowledge on assessing the risks for multiple offending during juvenile adjudication processes. In this regard, this study examined the predicting powers of several individual-level and family-level risk factors on multiple offending during adolescence, based on a data set derived from court-ordered social examination reports (SERs) on 400 adjudicated youth in Turkey. Two binomial regression models were implemented to test the predictor values of various risk factors from these two domains. Results indicated the following as significant predictors of multiple offending among the subjects: younger age of onset in delinquency, dropping out of school, having delinquent/drug abusing (risky) friends, being not able to share problems with the family, increased number of siblings, and having a domestically migrated family. Conclusively, these findings were compared with the existing literature, and the policy implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.

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Amaç: Suça sürüklenen çocukların tekrar suça sürüklenmesine ilişkin risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi, tekrarlayan suça sürüklenmelerin önlenebilmesi için önem arz etmektedir. Mevcut çalışmanın amacı suça sürüklenen çocukların tekrar suça sürüklenmesini yor- dayan değişkenlerin belirlenmesidir. Bu bağlamda, tek bir defa suça sürüklenen çocuklar ile üç ve daha fazla suça sürüklenen çocukların karşılaştırılması yoluyla çocukların birçok kere suça sürüklenmesini yordayan faktörlerin ortaya çıkarılması hedeflenmektedir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Suça sürüklenmiş çocukların tekrar suça sürüklenmelerini yordayan faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla retrospektif belge taraması yapılarak İstanbul Adliyesi yargı çevresinde kurulu olan çocuk ve çocuk ağır ceza mahkemelerinde 2005-2015 yılları arasında yargılamaları yapılmış suça sürüklenen çocuklar hakkında yazılan sosyal inceleme raporları incelenmiştir. Üç veya daha fazla defa suça sürüklenen çocuklarla (n=200) rastgele seçilen ilk defa suça sürüklenen çocuklar (n=200) hakkında elde edilen veriler temel risk faktörlerine göre tasnif edilmiş ve tekrar suça sürüklenmeyi yordayan değişkenlerin tespiti için lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Tekrar suça sürüklenme olgusunda, riskli davranışlarda bulunan akranların varlığı, internet kafede zaman geçirme davranışı, okulu bırakma gibi faktörlerin oldukça güçlü ölçüde etkisinin bulunduğu; bunun yanı sıra kardeş sayısı, ilk defa suça sürüklendiği yaş, aile içi paylaşım ve iletişimin zayıf olması ile madde kullanma öyküsünün bulunmasının da tekrardan suça sürüklenme ile ilişkili olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç: İlk defa suça sürüklenen ve 12-15 yaş grubunda bulunan çocukların, riskli davranış gösteren akranlarının olması, internet kafede vakit geçirmesi ve okulu bırakması halinde tekrar suça sürüklenme olasılığının oldukça yüksek olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Aile, toplum ve yetkili makamların özellikle çocuğun sağlıklı bir sosyal çevrede yetişebilmesi için gerekli tedbirleri alması gerek çocuğun gerekse de toplumun...

Introduction: The involvement of children in violent crimes as a perpetrator gets the attention of both researchers and society. The purpose of the study is to identify the risk factors that distinguish juveniles in terms of violent crime. The criminal behavior children were examined in two categories in this study. The first category is composed of non-violent crimes against individuals such as larcency, drug use, opposition to the law of meetings and demonstrations. The second category consists of crimes involving intensive violence against individuals such as armed robbery, felonious injury, murder, and sexual assault. Method: Within the scope of the study 940 court files of the juveniles, which are adjudicated between 2015 and 2019 in the Istanbul Courthouse Jurisdiction, were selected randomly. Available information about children in the court file recorded retrospectively. Individual (gender, age at the date of crime, substance use, working in a job, self-harming behavior, run away from home and previous crime history) and social risk factors (duration of education, risky peer, parental education level, working parent, parental crime history, family type, number of siblings, sibling crime history, sibling substance abuse, domestic violence, sharing problems with the family, total monthly income of the family, domestic migration) was compiled using binary coding system. The factors affecting violent crime were determined by logistic regression analysis. Findings: It was found that individual risk factors consist of being male gender, age at the date of crime, substance use, working in a job and run away from home. Whereas the context of social risk factors, it was found that the father's job, father's history of crime and not sharing personal troubles with the family predicted violent crimes. When the researchers put both groups into analysis at the same time, they found that being male gender, age at the date of crime, working in a job, a runaway from home, domestic violence, sharing personal problems with the family have predicted violence. Result: As a result, both individual and social risk factors have been found effective in dragging children to violent crimes.