An earthquake is a natural disaster which cannot be predicted beforehand. The economic losses and casualties induced by earthquakes badly influence human life. In order to reduce these negative effects, buildings and structures should be designed to be earthquake resistant. In the design stage of earthquake-resistant structures, models of soil under dynamic conditions are used. The parameters that are required to account for soil dynamic models are shear wave velocity (V s) values, stiffness, thickness, the number of layers, attenuation, rigidity and the depth to bedrock. These parameters are used to calculate an empirical transfer function, the bearing capacity of the soil and liquefaction. Within this context, these soil dynamic parameters should be obtained with the help of geophysical methods in situ, in thė Izmir-Güzelbahçe region and its surrounds. Theİzmir-Güzelbahçe region and its surrounds are located at the intersection point of two major faults (theİzmir fault and the Seferihisar fault). For this reason, soil dynamic parameters are variable in the lateral and vertical directions. These changes affect the soil V s profiles. To identify the shear wave velocity (V s) profile, common mid-point cross-correlation analysis of multi-channel surface-wave data (CMPCC MASW method), microtremor and microgravity methods can be used in common. As a result, when these three methods were evaluated together, it was concluded that the aforementioned region shows sudden lateral structure changes. Relying on these changes, the dynamic analyses that would be carried out to determine soil behavior at a possible earthquake site should be taken into consideration.
Mutual evaluation of the microtremor and scenario earthquake Calculation of the dynamic amplification factor Distribution of the predominant soil period along the study areaIn this study, the distribution of dynamic amplification factor (DAF) values at the study area were obtained by joint evaluation of scenario earthquake parameters that could occur in the study area with single station microtremor data gathered at 112 points. The dynamic amplification factor can also be defined as the ratio of the magnitude of earthquake waves from the bedrock to the ground. Also the DAF value is a parameter that represents the entire spectrum, not a single peak value. Figure A. Distribution of dynamic amplification factor (DAF) valuesPurpose: This study aims to reach the dynamic amplification factor (DAF) at Karşıyaka district located within the metropolitan area of Izmir. To calculate this parameter scenario earthquake and microtremor data used as input. Theory and Methods:HVSR values were obtained by proportioning the horizontal component spectra obtained from microtremor method measurements to the vertical component spectrum in the study area. Joint evaluation applied to scenario earthquake and the HVSR functions to calculate dynamic amplification factor (DAF) values. The parameter DAF means of microtremor HVSR were used as soil transfer function while making calculation. An earthquake whose magnitude was selected as 7 was used as the earthquake scenario. DAF values were calculated separately for each point, and DAF results were mapped. Results:Particularly when looking at the DAF changes in the south and southwest parts of the study area, at least a 2 times increase (amplification) can be expected in the effect of the earthquake on the alluvial plain from the bedrock to the ground surface. When the north of the study area is examined, results of DAF values are obtained less than 2. It is seen that the smallest amplification part of the study area is the northeast part. Conclusion:DAF values include not only the predominant period but also all period effects. So we can come to the conclusion that DAF value has the effects of all the units in the ground.
ÖZBu çalışma kapsamında yeraltı tabakalarının dinamik koşullar altındaki özelliklerini incelemek için İzmir Körfezi kuzeyinde D-B yönünde yaklaşık 4 km ve K-G yönünde 5 km ile sınırlandırılmış 20 km 2 'lik bir alandan jeofizik veriler toplanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Rayleigh tipi yüzey dalgalarının dispersif özelliğini kullanan Çok Kanallı Yüzey Dalgaları (ÇKYD) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. ÇKYD yöntemiyle 30 metre derinliğe kadar olan makaslama dalgası hızları (V S 30) elde edilmiş ve bu hız değerleri kullanılarak alana ait Zemin Hâkim Titreşim Periyodu (ZHTP) ve yoğunluk değişimleri hesaplanmıştır. ZHTP değerleri çalışma alanı içinde 112 noktada mikrotremor yöntemi ile kaydedilen veriler kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Mikrotremor ve ÇKYD yöntemlerinden elde edilen dağılım haritalarıyla ortak yorumlayabilmek için, mikrogravite yöntemi verileri kullanılarak Bouguer gravite dağılım haritası oluşturulmuştur. Mikrotremor tek nokta ölçümleri ile elde edilen ZHTP değerlerinin 1 sn'den daha büyük olduğu noktalarla V S 30 hızlarının 700 m/sn'den daha düşük olduğu yerlerin örtüştüğü dağılım haritalarında gözlenmektedir. Bu örtüşmenin gözlendiği yerlerde alüvyon zeminlerin yer aldığı ve mühendislik anakayası derinliğinin 30 m'den fazla olabileceği söylenebilir. Çalışma alanı, uygulanan yöntemler sonucunda elde edilen parametrelere göre fiziksel özellikleri açısından KB-GD yönlü çizgisel bir sınır ile iki ayrı alana ayrılabileceği dağılım haritalarına bakılarak söylenebilir. Bu çizginin kuzeyinde daha yüksek hız değerleri ve ayrıca bu hız değerlerinden elde edilen daha yüksek yoğunluk ve daha düşük ZHTP değerleri gözlenmiştir. Bu bulgular ışığında çalışma alanının kuzey kesimlerinin göreli gerilme dayanımı yüksek jeolojik birimlerden oluştuğundan, güney bölümde ise özellikle İzmir Körfezi kıyılarına doğru göreli gerilme dayanımı düşük jeolojik birimlerin varlığından söz edebiliriz. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen bulgular bölgenin jeolojisi ve tektonik özellikleri ile uyum sağlamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Çok Kanallı Yüzey Dalgaları (ÇKYD), İzmir, Karşıyaka, Mikrogravite, Mikrotremor. ABSTRACT In this study, to investigate the characteristics of the subterranean structures under dynamic conditions the geophysical data were collected in approximately 4 km along EW direction and 5 km along NS direction in an area
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