Objective This study was performed to obtain normative data of the distal femoral cartilage thickness in healthy adults by ultrasound. Methods This cross-sectional study included 72 healthy adults. The demographic characteristics of the participants were recorded, and the thickness of the femoral articular cartilage was measured using a 5- to 18-MHz linear probe. Results Significant statistical difference towards the male side at left medial condyle (P = 0.001) and left lateral condyle (P = 0.009). Weakly positive statistical difference was noted towards the male side at right medial condyle (P = 0.06) and right lateral condyle (P = 0.07). The femoral cartilage thickness in the study participants did not correlate with weight, body mass index, and age (P >0.05). Positive statistical correlation with height noted in right medial condyle, right lateral condyle, right intercondylar area, and left medial condyle. Conclusion This study increases the pool of normative data of femoral cartilage thickness measurements. Additionally, the findings of this study emphasize the fact that women have thinner cartilage than men in four of the studied parameters.

The purpose of this study is to investigate sonoelastographic features of the tibial nerve. The study included 72 tibial nerves in 36 healthy subjects. High resolution ultrasound and Shear wave elastography were used to evaluate the tibial nerve. Cross sectional area and stiffness were measured. The mean cross sectional area of the tibial nerve was 13.4 mm2. The mean shear elastic modulus of the tibial nerve in the short axis was 23.3 kPa. The mean shear elastic modulus of the tibial nerve in long axis was 26.1 kPa. The tibial nerve elastic modulus also showed no correlation with cross sectional area neither in the long axis nor short axis. Age, height, weight, and body mass index showed no correlation with tibial nerve elastic modulus in short or long axes. The elastic modulus of the tibial nerve has been determined in healthy subjects and can serve as a reference for future assessment of polyneuropathy.

The aim of this study is to compare the distal femoral cartilage thickness of patients with type II diabetes mellitus with those of healthy subjects using ultrasonography. The study comprised 34 patients and 36 healthy subjects. Demographic characteristics of all the participants were recorded. The thickness of the femoral articular cartilage was measured using a 5-18MHzlinearprobe.Measurements were performed bilaterally from three points (intercondylar area, medial condyle, and lateral condyle). No significant difference could be found between patients and healthy subjects. Two demographic characteristics correlated positively with diabetic patients.

Objectives Shear wave elastography is a rapidly evolving new technique. The purpose of the present study was to determine the sonoelastographic features of the submandibular glands in healthy individuals. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 45 healthy individuals, whose submandibular glands were studied using shear wave elastography. The stiffness of both submandibular glands was measured and its relationships with the age, sex, body mass, body mass index (BMI), and height of the participants were assessed. Results The participants had a mean age of 31.82 ± 5.53 years, a mean height of 158.30 ± 7.16 cm, a mean body mass of 57.83 ± 8.84 kg, and a mean BMI of 22.99 ± 2.72 kg/m2. The mean shear elastic modulus of the right and left submandibular glands were 18.02 kPa and 19.09 kPa, respectively. Positive correlations were found between the elasticity of the right submandibular gland and the anthropometric parameters. Conclusion The elastic modulus of the submandibular glands has been determined in healthy individuals and the data generated can serve as a reference for future studies of pathological conditions of these structures.

Objective To determine the ability of shear wave elastography to measure the stiffness of the knee menisci in healthy adults. Methods This observational cross-sectional study evaluated knee joints in healthy adults. Shear wave elastography was used to evaluate the anterior horn of the medial menisci bilaterally. The correlations between the mean elasticity bilaterally and age, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were calculated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. Results A total of 34 knee joints in 17 healthy subjects were evaluated. The mean ± SD shear elastic modulus of the anterior horn of the right medial meniscus was 24.86 ± 6.35 kPa and of the anterior horn of the left medial meniscus was 23.86 ± 4.49 kPa. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the right medial meniscus elasticity and height. Other demographic factors showed no significant relationship to the anterior horn of the right medial meniscus elasticity. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the anterior horn of the left medial meniscus elasticity and age, while a significant positive correlation was observed between left medial meniscus elasticity and BMI. Conclusion These preliminary results suggest that shear wave elastography could be a potential tool to aid in studying the stiffness of the knee menisci.