Background This study identifies the incidence of appendiceal Enterobius vermicularis (E.v) infestation in all the patients undergoing appendectomy and evaluates the relationship between E. v infestation of the appendix and the acute appendicitis. Method ology: All the routinely examined appendectomy specimens received in the pathology laboratory of a referral hospital over a three year period of time were reviewed for the existence of E. v. These cases were evaluated for clinico-laboratory characterization. Results Out of 1150 appendectomies for clinical acute appendicitis picture, 31 (2.7%) cases revealed E. v infestation. The age ranged from 6 to 42 years old but more than 80% of the E. v infected cases were children. Twenty four cases (77.4%) did not show any other appendiceal pathology, six cases showed lymphoid hyperplasia and only one case showed concomitant histological acute inflammatory process. Conclusion E. v infestation is an incidental finding during histopathology examination of appendectomy specimens for patients with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis, however there is no relation between the existence of E. v and occurrence of acute appendicitis which is the main indication for appendectomy, so further studies are recommended to reach out earlier diagnosis to eliminate the unnecessary surgical intervention. Also surgeons should consider E. v as a differential diagnosis when removing a normal looking appendix to take the necessary precautions for minimizing any chance of contamination and sending all the normal looking appendectomy specimens for histopathology examination.

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Background Appendicular schistosomiasis (AS) is an uncommon cause of acute appendicitis that can only be diagnosed histopathologically. There are few reports of AS and its histopathological profile is unclear in Egypt. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinicopathological, profile of AS among patients presented with acute appendicitis for proper management and to reduce the health burden of the disease. Methods This is a retrospective study performed at a university hospital comprising all patients with pathological confirmation of appendiceal Schistosomiasis after appendectomies between 2017 and 2021. All data were extracted from patient’s files including age, sex, residence, main patient’s complaint, Alvarado scores, and laboratory data. The histopathological specimens were reviewed by the histopathologist in this study and special stains were done when indicated. Results The prevalence of AS was 1.07% (20/1870), all of them were adults or old age with a mean age of 39.25, 80% of cases were males. The most frequent clinical presentation in our patients was abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa (96%) with a mean duration of symptoms of 2.5 days. At the time of the operation, two patients had perforations, with no recorded mortality. Only 20% showed gross unusual foci, and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration was seen in 90% of cases. All patients were advised to postoperative praziquantel therapy. Conclusion Histopathological evaluation for schistosomiasis in all surgically removed appendix is recommended in endemic areas for middle and old ages and comprehensive postoperative follow-up with praziquantel therapy is required to ensure disease eradication and prevent further complications. Highlights

Background: Advances in surgical techniques and multimodal treatment have led to the possibility of sphincter preservation in patient who have traditionally required abdominoperineal resection (APR) in the past. Objective: Evaluation of Coloanal Anastomosis after Resection Low Rectal Cancer. Patients and Methods: This study of case series included a total 10 patients who underwent total mesorectal excision and colo-anal anastomosis attending at Damanhur Oncology Center. Results: As regard histopathology, 3 patients (3%) showed well differentiated adenocarcinoma and 7 patients (70%) showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. As regard TNM staging, 1 patient (1%) was T1N0M0, 3 patients (30%) were T3N0M0, 2 patients (20%) were T3N1M0 and 4 patients (40%) were T3N2M0. Conclusion: The ISR and CAA technique provides an opportunity to perform sphincter saving surgery in treatment of distal rectal cancer. This technique performs with acceptable functional outcomes.

Background: Transurethral resection (TUR) followed by adjuvant therapy is still the treatment of choice of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (NMIBUC). However, recurrence is one of the most troublesome features of these lesions. Early second resection and adjuvant BCG therapy has been shown to improve the outcome. Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of C-erbB-2 (HER2/neu) expression status in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma cases, before and after intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG immunotherapy). Materials and methods: HER2/neu expression was studied in 120 (Ta-T1) Non-Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma cases. The expression was evaluated and compared to the expression after Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy. Results: HER2/neu expression in low and high grade of the Non- Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma was (38%) and (83%) respectively. The difference of the expression rates by tumor grade was statistically significant. In recurring lesions post BCG therapy, C-erbB-2 expression was markedly decreased (31.6%) when compared to its expression before therapy (65%). Conclusions: The HER2/neu expression increased as the tumor grade rose. The reduction in expression following BCG treatment in Non-Invasive transitional cell carcinoma cases could reflect a reduction of the potential malignancy of the tumor.