Objective: Cervical cancer is the second common type of cancer among women worldwide. Infection by certain types of human papillomavirus infection (HPV) such as HPV 16/18 has been considered as the most significant risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence HPV 16/18 in women with and without cervical cancer in Aleppo city, Syria.Methods: Paraffin embedded cervical tissue samples were collected from 113 patients and 40 controls (normal cervix), DNA was extracted and analyzed by PCR for the presence of HPV16/18. Out of 113 cases of cervical carcinoma, 25 cases (22.1%) were carcinoma in situ (CIS), 72 cases (63.7%) were squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 16 cases (14.2%) were adenocarcinoma (ADC).Results: HPV 16 and/or 18 DNA was detected in 84 (74.3%) cases out of 113 of cervical cancers, while it was found in only two of the 40 samples in the control group. At the same time, 9 out of 25 (36%) carcinoma in situ, 61 out of 72(84.72%) squamous cell carcinomas, and 14 out of 16 (87.5%) adenocarcinomas, were positive for HPV 16 and/or 18. Conclusion:The frequency of infection with HPV 16 and 18 is high among Syrian women and a vaccine against these two types may be effective in about 74% of cervical cancers in Syria.