No abstract

Recent advances in nano-materials and nanotechnology have paved the way for building integrated devices with a nanometric size, named nano-nodes. These nano-nodes are composed of nano-processor, nano-memory, nano-batteries, nano-transceiver, nano-antenna and nano-sensors, which operate at nano-scale level. They are able to perform simple tasks, such as sensing, computing and actuation. The interconnection between microdevices and nanonodes/nanosensors has enabled the development of a new network standard, called Wireless Nano-Sensors Network (WNSN). This paper provides an in-depth review of WNSN, its architectures, application areas, and challenges, which need to be addressed, while identifying opportunities for their implementation in various application domains.

No abstract

Wirelesse Nanosensor Networks (WNSNs) contain a large number of independent and mobile nanodevices assembled with nanotransceivers and nanoantennas to work in Terahertz frequency band (0.1-10THz). These nanodevices exploit the properties of modern nanomaterials to recognize new varieties of events at the nanoscale, such as the presence of harmful viruses or bacteria and the detection of low concentrations of chemical and harmful gas molecules. Communication between nanonodes can be established by using molecular or electromagnetic communication approaches. One of the major problems of wireless nanosensor networks is the limited resources of nanodevices (e.g., computation, memory and power). On the other hand, such limited capacity cannot simply ensure communication between nanonodes using the flooding mechanism, which affects network performance and increases resource utilization. This paper considers the electromagnetic-based wireless nanosensor networks, and proposes a New Adaptive Probabilistic Based Broadcast Using Neighborhood Information. Simulations have been conducted using Nanosim simulator in order to compare our new schemes with the fixed probabilistic based broadcast. The experiments show that the proposed approach gives good results in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR reached 95%.), the amount of energy consumed (significantly reduced) for all the categories of density. No startup setup is required: the nanonodes adjust by themselves the broadcasting probability based on neighborhood collected information.