No abstract

Background The data concerning the association of smoking and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are limited. The effects of cigarette smoking on OSA still remain obscure. Objectives To reveal the impact of smoking on obstructive sleep apnea. Methods About 384 patients with the diagnosis of OSA through full night polysomnographic (PSG) examination were included to the study. The demographic data (age, sex and BMI), complaints and medical history, status of smoking as non-smokers and smokers, smoking frequency (cigarettes/day), polysomnograhic data comprising apnea hypopnea index (AHI), non-REM sleep AHI (NREM AHI), REM sleep AHI (REM AHI), minimum oxygen saturation (min SaO2) were recorded for all the subjects. Non-smokers and smokers were compared in terms of severity of OSA. Results The study population consisted of 384 subjects, 253 males and 131 females. Smoking frequency was not found correlated with OSA severity. Among smokers, males had higher severe OSA rate (P = 0.002, P < 0.05). In subjects with BMI < 30, severe OSA rate was higher in smokers (34.44% versus 21%) (P = 0.027, P < 0.05). Conclusions Our study detected higher rate of severe OSA in male smokers and smokers with BMI < 30. PSG data did not yield statistically significant difference in non-smokers and smokers. OSA severity was not found correlated with smoking frequency. Along with the study results, the impact of smoking on OSA is still controversial. Prospective studies with larger sample size may be contributive to further evaluation of the association of OSA with smoking.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of resident doctors, to compare the sleep quality between surgical and medical branch residents and to examine effects of working hours, number of duties, clinical branches and some other daily habits on the sleep quality of resident doctors in a hospital in Turkey. Methods: A survey was conducted to gather data on (i) demographics, lifestyle and daily habits as well as to determine (ii) Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score and (iii) Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scores of the participants. Data collection was based on the use of a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Of 138 resident doctors, 45.7% were classified as having good sleep quality based on a cut-off score of 5 in PSQI. The mean ESS and PSQI scores were 6.59 ±3.92 and 6.30 ±3.22, respectively. Significantly positive correlations were found between Epworth score and the number of night duties (p=0.010), working hours per week (p=0.006), total cigarettes per day (p=0.033), and daily tea consumption (p=0.013). Also, there were statistically significant positive correlations between PSQI scores and the number of night duties (p<0.001), working hours per week (p=0.007), total cigarettes per day (p=0.013) and daily coffee consumption (p=0.002). Surgical residents had significantly poor sleep quality (p=0.015). ESS score was higher in female residents and surgical residents, with a significant difference in these two sub-groups (p=0.018, p=0.008 respectively). Conclusions: Sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of the resident doctors were closely related to lifestyle factors including working hours, number of night duties and branch of residency as well as to certain demographic factors and daily habits.

Amaç: Yoğun ve stresli çalışma koşulları hekimlerin iş yaşam kalitelerini olumsuz etkileyen yorgunluk ve üretkenlikte azalmayla karakterize tükenmişlik sendromuna sebep olmaktadır. Maslach ve Jackson, tükenmişliği daha çok insanlarla yüz yüze çalışmayı gerektiren iş kollarında çalışanlarda, uzamış stres ve bununla kişisel başa çıkma yöntemlerinin yetersiz kalması sonucu gelişen kronik fiziksel yorgunluk, ümitsizlik ve olumsuz benlik kavramıyla birlikte gelişen mesleğe ve yaşama karşı fiziksel, duygusal ve zihinsel yönden bir tükenmişlik hali olarak tanımlamışlardır (1,2). Tükenmişliği bireyin işinden duygusal olarak uzaklaşması ve tükenmesi (emotional exhaustion), duyarsızlaşma (depersonalizasyon) ve kişisel başarının (personal accomplishment) düşmesini içeren üç boyutta incelemişlerdir (1). Asistanlık, uzun çalışma saatlerini içeren yoğun bir öğrenim dönemiyle karaktarizedir. Çeşitli çalışmalarda asistanlarda tükenmişlik düzeyleri %18-76 arasında gösterilmiştir (3-6).İş ortamının özellikleri tükenme ve iş doyumu üzerine etkilidir (7). İş doyumu, çalışanın kendi işinden duyduğu hoşnutluk, kendisini ve işini değerlendirmesi sonucu ulaştığı olumlu duygusal durum olarak tanımlanmaktadır. iş doyumu, bireylerin fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlıklarını doğrudan etkilediği gibi iş hayatında etkinlik ve verimliliğin artmasında da olumlu etkileri vardır (8). Çalışmamızın amacı, aile hekimliği asistanlarında tükenmişlik sendromu ve iş tatmini düzeylerini değerlendirmek ve aynı zamanda demografik özellikler, yaşam tarzı, çalışma şartları gibi farklı değişkenlerle ilişkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Yöntem: Çalışmamıza, 2015 yılı içinde Şubat ve Mart aylarında Okmeydanı Araştırma ve Eğitim Hastanesi ve Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi'nde uzmanlık eğitimi almakta olan, ulaşılabildiğmiz ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden aile hekimliği asistanları dahil edildi. Katılımcılar çalışma hakkında bilgilendirildikten sonra onamları alınarak hazırlanmış olan anket yazılı olarak uygulandı. Anketler üç bölümden oluşmaktaydı; (A) Demografik veri formu ve kişisel yaşam tarzı, alışkanlıklar, sosyal ve akademik yaşam, çalışma koşulları hakkında sorular, (B) Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği, (C) Minnesota İş Doyumu Ölçeği. Toplam 22 maddeden oluşan Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği; duygusal tükenme (MBI-EE), Duyarsızlaşma (MBI-D) ve kişisel başarı (MBI-PA) duygusunda azalma olmak üzere üç alt boyutta değerlendirmektedir. Duygusal Tükenme (9 soru) ve Duyarsızlaşma (5 soru) ile ilgili sorular olumsuz, kişisel başarı (8 soru) ile ilgili sorular olumlu ifadelerden oluşmaktadır. Bu düzenlemede duygusal tükenme ve duyarsızlaşma soruları "hiçbir zaman = 0, çok nadir = 1, kimi zaman = 2, çoğu zaman = 3, her zaman = 4" şeklinde puanlandırılırken, kişisel başarı soruları tersine puanlandırılmıştır (hiçbir zaman = 4, çok nadir = 3, bazen = 2, çoğu zaman = 1, her zaman = 0). Bu puanların toplanması ile duygusal tükenme için 0-36, duyarsızlaşma için 0-20 ve kişisel başarı için 0-32 arasında değişen puanlar elde edilir. Uzmanlık öğrencilerinin doyumlarını ölçmek ...

Background Smoking cessation practices enable health professionals to identify lifestyle of their patients as an initial step to achieve predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM). In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the smoking habit and health-promoting behavior of patients who planned to quit smoking. Methods In this descriptive study, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) was implemented to current smokers admitted to smoking cessation outpatient clinics of two tertiary hospitals. Patients without any comorbidities were included. Sociodemographic variables, Fagerström dependency test, and smoking habit were recorded. Descriptive and analytical statistical evaluations were performed. Results A total of 200 patients, 134 men (67%) and 66 women (33%) with a mean age of 34.49 ± 8.82, were included to the study. Among them, 90 (45%) were white collar, and 110 (55%) were blue-collar workers. Patients with BMI ≥ 25 were 126 (63%); Fagerström test score median was 7. Packages per year, dependency scores, the age the patients started smoking, and cigarettes smoked per day inversely correlated with health-promoting behavior. Our patients had high scores in spiritual growth and interpersonal relationships and had low scores in physical activity and stress management. Health-promoting behavior, health responsibility, self-actualization, and interpersonal relationships were less favorable in blue-collar workers than white-collar workers. Conclusions Smoking behavior affects especially physical activity and stress management in the study population preparing for smoking cessation. Health-promoting activities in smokers are influenced by occupation as well as dependency levels and smoking habits. Differences exist among white and blue-collar workers in health-promoting behavior. Defining and screening multiple health risk behavior in smokers empower predictive measures and targeted preventive medicine, such as maintaining healthy nutrition and leaving sedentary lifestyle along with efforts to quit smoking. Awareness about health-promoting behavior and thus identifying smokers who need lifestyle interventions can provide and attenuate a holistic and personalized approach in preventive medicine.