BackgroundTuberculosis is a disease that can involve every organ system. While pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common presentation, extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPT) is also an important clinical problem. The current study aimed to outline and compare the demographic and clinical features of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases in adults.MethodsMedical records of 411 patients (190 women, 221 men) treated between January 2010 and July 2014 in provincial tuberculosis control dispensary was retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared for pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases.ResultsOf these 411 cases, 208 (50.6 %) had pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 203 were diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) (49.4 %). The average ages for PTB and EPTB groups were 33.00-27.00 and 31.00-29.75, respectively (p = 0.513). Men were more frequently affected by PTB (59.6 %), while EPTB was more commonly detected in women (52.2 %) (p = 0.016). Main diagnostic modalities for PTB were sputum/smear analyses (72.7 %), clinical-radiological data (21.7 %) and biopsy (6.1 %); while biopsy (71.5 %), sputum/fluid analysis (18.8 %) and clinical-radiological data (4.9 %) were used for confirming EPTB (p < 0.0019). The most common sites of EPTB involvement were lymph nodes (39.4 %), followed by pleura (23.6 %), peritoneum (9.9 %) and bone (7.4 %).ConclusıonsExtrapulmonary involvement of tuberculosis is common and females are more likely to be affected. Increased clinical awareness is important since atypical presentations of the disease may constitute diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

BACKGROUND: Oxidative damage is a major contributing factor to carcinogenesis and obstructive disorders in lungs. Current evidence suggests that the inflammatory processes yield to oxidative mechanisms, which underlie COPD, lung cancer, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative damage in these diseases by evaluating the oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers. METHODS: Malondialdehyde, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine, and coenzyme Q10 levels were evaluated in the blood samples of subjects with COPD, lung cancer, and OSAS by high-pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS: A total of 111 participants (35 females, 76 males) with OSAS (n ‫؍‬ 29), COPD (n ‫؍‬ 26), and lung cancer (n ‫؍‬ 28) and healthy controls (n ‫؍‬ 28) were included in the study. The malondialdehyde and coenzyme Q10 levels were significantly higher in all 3 diseases when compared with controls (P < .01), whereas 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine levels were only significantly higher than in healthy controls in subjects with lung cancer (P ‫؍‬ .005). The highest levels of malondialdehyde and coenzyme Q10 were determined in subjects with OSAS and lung cancer, respectively. The highest 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine levels were also observed in subjects with lung cancer, but the differences of this biomarker with other diagnoses were not statistically significant (P ‫؍‬ .56). CONCLUSION: Oxidative damage was observed in all 3 diagnoses, and, as a response to oxidative stress, antioxidant mechanisms were also active in these diseases. Malondialdehyde and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine were found to be efficiently usable in the evaluation of oxidative damage in chronic respiratory diseases. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02406053.) Key words: malondialdehyde; 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2Ј-deoxyguanosine;coenzyme Q10; COPD; OSAS; lung cancer; oxidative damage; antioxidants. [Respir Care 2016;61(2):205-211.

Elevated levels of SUA and RDW were associated with OSA severity, as defined by AHI. In addition, RDW was significantly higher in severe OSA with CVDs.

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder with an estimated prevalence in the general population of 2–5%. Its main clinical features are loud snoring and breathing stoppage during sleep. Ischemia could be a consequence of noise-induced hearing loss because cochlear oxygen tension is reduced during and after noise exposure. In this study, we evaluated auditory function in patients affected by OSA and simple snoring.Material/MethodsA total of 66 participants (male to female ratio: 40:26) were included in the study, of which 21 were in the control group, 18 were in the simple snoring group, and 27 were in the OSA patient group. Polysomnography and audiometric examination were performed in all participants.ResultsThe mean ages of the participants in the control, simple snoring, and OSA groups were 39.14±9.9, 37.28±8.2, and 41.56±8.99 years, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences among groups regarding age or sex; however, there were statistically significant differences among groups in body mass index, apnea-hypopnea index scores, mean saturation, and duration under 90% saturation. In addition, statistically significant differences were found between the patient group and the control and simple snoring groups concerning the mean saturation, duration under 90% saturation, and the extended high frequency of hearing.ConclusionsThese data show that snoring may cause hearing loss at extended high frequencies.

Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 virus affects many organs, especially the lungs, with widespread inflammation. We aimed to compare the endogenous oxidative damage markers of coenzyme Q10, nicotinamide dinucleotide oxidase 4, malondialdehyde, and ischemia-modified albumin levels in patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 and in an healthy control group. We also aimed to compare these parameters between patients with severe and non-severe pulmonary involvement. Methods The study included 58 adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and 30 healthy volunteers. CoQ10 and MDA levels were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. NOX4 and IMA levels were determined by ELISA assay and colorimetric method. Results Higher levels of CoQ10, MDA, NOX4, and IMA and lower levels of COQ10H were observed in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia than in the control group. MDA, IMA, NOX4, and CoQ10 levels were significantly higher in patients with severe pulmonary involvement than in patients with non-severe pulmonary involvement, but no significant difference was observed in CoQ10H levels. CoQ10 levels were significantly and positively correlated with both ferritin and CRP levels. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is significantly associated with increased endogenous oxidative damage. Oxidative damage seems to be associated with pulmonary involvement severity.